CHAPTER 21: THE FURNACE OF CIVIL WAR. “MILITARY PICNIC” AKA BATTLE OF BULL RUN MANASSAS CREEK, VA. 1.A night out on the town! 2.First official battle.

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CHAPTER 21: THE FURNACE OF CIVIL WAR

“MILITARY PICNIC” AKA BATTLE OF BULL RUN MANASSAS CREEK, VA. 1.A night out on the town! 2.First official battle 3.Both sides completely unorganized 4.South wins and goes home! Union buckle down for the long haul. 5.Realities of war sets in quickly

TARDY GEORGE Gen. McClellan Too cautious Had the “slows” according to Pres. Lincoln Loss at the Seven Day Battle a good thing; a quick and early win may have left slavery in existing states Lincoln replaces McClellan with Gen. Pope

WINFIELD SCOTT’S ANACONDA PLAN

TOTAL WAR

THE WAR AT SEA Blockade used by Union Blockade running profitable for southerners Smuggling munitions from GB via Bahamas and Canada Union finally able to stop much of the smuggling Controlled Port Orleans and Charleston Seize British ships with war goods = “ultimate destination” Merrimack helps south destroy union wooden warships; Monitor finally stops the Merrimack Merrimack Monitor

THE BRITISH STEAMER AND UNION BLOCKAGE RUNNER, DEE IN THE HARBOR AT HAMILTON, BERMUDA, IN 1863.

SECOND BULL RUN

SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN

BATTLE AT ANTIETAM, MD (9/1862) 1.Deadliest battle yet; >26,000 casualties over two days 2.McClellan returns and saves Washington D.C from Lee 3.Lee plans found in dropped cigars! 4.McClellan removed again for good for not pursuing Lee. 5.British and French no longer willing to support the Confederacy 6.Lincoln realizes slavery must end once and for all = Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863

CONFEDERATE ANTIETAM SEPT 1862

THURSDAY 12/4 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 1.slaves considered contraband - only in the seceding states! 2.Perceived as a war to free slaves - Upset both North and South 3.South now unwilling to compromise 4.North has “morality” on their side? 5.EP precedes the 13 th amendment 6.Many in south do not leave; many others do.

BLACKS AND THE C.W. 1.Allowed to fight in North after EP a.Proven capable = Respected; 22 congressional medals of honor b.Still discriminated against c.soldiers captured and/or killed in south; Fort Pillow, TN incident d.Most Black Union soldiers from the south; 10% e.Fought for south only one month; farm and labor for CSA Massachusetts 54 th Regiment

THE TURNING POINT Next, Port Vicksburg and Hudson fall

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS: “REMAKING AMERICA” We are no longer a collection of states but a single nation

THE WESTERN FRONT

B. GRANT AND SHERMAN’S TOTAL WAR

SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA

SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA (9/’64) 1. Goal: to physically and psychologically destroy the South 2. Total War Anything that can be used by southern military is to be destroyed; includes slaves 3. Slaves in North a.Put them to work b.Enlist c.Educate them

SHERMAN’S 40 ACRES AND A MULE 1. Special Field Order Pres Johnson revokes agreement

WARTIME POLITICS 1. Copperheads – N. Dem. who were against the war 2. Radical Republicans – wanted to punish the South for causing war Rep.Thaddeus Stevens (Il) Sen. Charles Sumner (Ma)

ELECTION 1864! National Unity Party: Chooses Democrat Andrew Johnson to show solidarity for the Union amongst both Northerners and Southerners.

TOLL OF WAR: IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY = HIGH CASUALTIES

WOMEN AND THE C.W. 1.Both sides unprepared 2.Some felt job was inappropriate; around strange men 3.By the end, respectable job for women 4.Took care of the farms 5.Clara Burton = American Red Cross

LEE SURRENDERS TO GRANT AT APPOMATTOX MARCH 1865

JOHN WILKES BOOTH April 14, 1865 shoots Lincoln in the head 5 days after Lee surrendered