Families of Elements

Alkali Metals Alkali Metal Family Group 1 Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Properties Physical Soft, silvery-white Low melting point Chemical Extremely reactive React violently with H2O Never found in pure forms in nature Easily form salts with halogens Each burns a different color Tarnish rapidly Uses Li – grease Na – salt K – fertilizer

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Properties Physical Soft, silvery-white High melting point High density Good conductors Chemical Reactive React with H2O Oxidize or tarnish in air Never found in pure form in nature Each element burns a different color Uses Fireworks Be – rocket nose cones Ra – treat cancer

Transition Elements Groups 3-12Properties Physical Hard, strong, shiny metals High melting & boiling points Exception: Hg Liquid at room temp Good conductors heat & electricity Chemical Most dissolve in acid Exception: Gold resists acid Bond to oxygen in several ways Fe & O = rust Bond with O to form colored compounds Uses Construction materials Catalytic converters Pollution control Added to paints to give color

BCNO Family Groups 13 – 16 Named for lightest elements in each column Properties Physical Metals, nonmetals, metalloids N & O are gases at room temp Rest are solids Chemical Reactive, but selective Most bond with O Uses Metals: electronics Nonmetals: Insulators on wires Poisons, soap, cans

Halogen Family Halogens Group 17 Fl, Cl, Br, I, At Properties Physical Poisonous nonmetals Room temp: Fl & Cl – gases Br – liquid Room temp: I & At - solids Poor conductors Chemical Very reactive, never Found in pure form More reactive as atomic # increases Combine with alkali metals to form salts Uses Prevent tooth decay FL & U – nuclear fuel Br - insecticide

Noble Gases Group 18 He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Properties Physical Colorless Tasteless Odorless Gases Chemical Extremely nonreactive Glows a specific color with electrical current Neon is orange-red Uses Hot air balloonsLights and bulbsCancer treatment

Lanthanide Series 15 elements at bottom of table Properties Physical Soft, silvery metal Poor conductors of electricity Chemical Reactive and will burn in O or air Oxidize or tarnish in air All react in similar manner. Produce spark when struck Uses Flint for cigarette lighters Welder’s goggles Produce colors when combined with P

Actinide Series 15 elements at bottom of table All members synthetic except Neptunium and Plutonium Properties Physical Silvery metals Chemical All radioactive All reactive Uranium – most stable Uses Fuel for nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons Pigment in glass & ceramics Cm used to test Moon rocks