History of South Africa Prehistorical: Earliest human ancestors: 3 million years ago San & Khoikhoi people: nomadic & hunters, gatherers Pre European civilization: From 7th century: rise of chiefs (landlords) History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics - Technology - Statements

History of South Africa European Discovery: 1488: Cape of Good Hope first time rounded 1497: First voyage Europe - India Vasco da Gama 1652: Dutch establishment on Cape of Good Hope by VOC By 18th century: European settlers had fully taken over History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics - Technology - Statements

History of South Africa 1770 – 1900: Mfecane, British settlement, Great Trek, Afrikaner Republics, Boer War 1910: Union of South Africa 1922: Black oppression: Rand Revolt 1948: Institution of Apartheid 1950 – 1988: uprising, revolts, international pressure 1989 - 1994: negotiations, first democratic elections History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics - Technology - Statements

Population composition Population & Language Population composition (%) Blacks 77 White 11 Mixed race 9 Asian 2.5 Other 1 Spoken language (2001) (%) Zulu 23.8 Xhosa 17.6 Afrikaans 13.3 Sepedi 9.4 English 8.2 Setswana Sesotho 7.9 Tsonga 4.4 Siswati 2.7 Venda 2.3 Ndebele 1.6 Other 0.5 Total Population ± 43 million History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics - Technology - Statements

United States of America Health   South Africa The Netherlands United States of America HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate (%) (2001 est.) 20.1 0.2 0.6 HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS (2001 est.) 5,000,000 17,000 900,000 HIV/AIDS – deaths (2001 est.) 310,000 110 15,000 Life expectancy at birth (2003 est.) - total population: 46.56 years 78.74 years 77.14 years Death rate (deaths/1,000 population) (2003 est.) 18.42 8.66 8.44 Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births) (2003 est.) 60.84 4.26 6.75 History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics - Technology - Statements

Hofstede Analysis Conclusions South Africa: high MAS and high IDV PDI – Power Distance Index IDV – Individualism MAS – Masculinity UAI – Uncertainty Avoidance Index LTO – Long Term Orientation Conclusions South Africa: high MAS and high IDV History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics - Technology - Statements

Further Social-Cultural characteristics High Crime Rate: Jo’burg most criminal city in the world (2001) Very unevenly distributed incomes: Top income quintile: 66% White, 5% Black Lowest two income quintiles: 4% White, 60% Black High unemployment rate, especially under Blacks and Coloured people Apartheid Still noticeable in all aspects of the society History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics - Technology - Statements

Technology Industry: 24.1 % GDP from metals & petrochemical R&D: 0.69 % SA – 1.96 % NL Internet users: 8.0 % SA – 61 % NL Kg CO2 per capita: 9,000 SA – 2,500 NL Government: R&D Strategy 2003 start of implementation History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics – Technology - Statements

Statements 1. The international community failed the South African people during Apartheid in the 20th century. 2. Positive discrimination towards blacks and mixed races is good for South Africa. 3. Townships are areas of poverty just outside the city's center. The government should take its responsibility and remove townships because criminality and health problems are frequently present. 4. The solution to the AIDS problem can be found in changing the populations attitude towards the virus or the solution should be found in the governments recognition. History – People & Language – Health – Hofstede Analysis – Further characteristics – Technology - Statements