Chapter 2 – Economy & Development LMAC Mr. Wilson

“The sea there is full of fish that can be taken not only with nets but with fishing- baskets” – Jean Cabot ( )

“so thick by the shore that we hardly have been able to row a boat through them.” - English Fishermen

1663 – King Louis XIV Takes over New France and makes it a “Royal Province” Appoints an “Intendant”

Jean Talon becomes the first Intendant of New France in 1665 As we discussed in Dossier 1 – what was his main goal?

Jean Talon and King Louis XIV – what was their goal? War in Europe - King Louis gets distracted - Private business in New France… Monopolies!

(that which put Canada on the map!)

Fishing to the Fur Trade – why did it change?

Du Val 1653 – New France, New England, New Holland, New Sweden and Virginia!

At first – what was the best way to move the furs?

The Fur trade required very little labour Population & Development? However – for the Natives... Trading Fairs – Spring and Summer The Huron and the Wendat

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The Five-Nations Iroquois vs. the Huron. The Iroquois traded with the British and sometimes the Dutch. Founding Ville-Marie in the Iroquois destroyed all of the Huron villages in the area, why?

No more “middle-men” the French had to trade with the Algonquians. Traders had to have a licence. Coureurs de Bois

Louis XIV - imposes a 25% tax on furs From New France…Result? The British and the Dutch can offer better prices/trades to the natives Basically, the competition for fur was heating up!

Monopolizing the Fur Trade coming out of the New World. Trading companies in New France: Company of One Hundred Associates – (1627 – 1645) The Compagnie des Habitants – (1645 – 1663) The French West India Company – (1645 – 1674)

William Moor and Francis Smith:

Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard Chouart Des Groseilliers – they sound very… France ignored them, but Britain did not, helping them found the Hudson’s Bay Company in The Cree nation & HBC Lots of conflict between the British and the French.

Demand ↑ Explorers going further and further abroad The Great lakes, the Prairies, the Rocky mountains, the Hudson Bay, the Ohio Valley, and the Mississippi all the way to Louisiana were all explored and charted in search of... Which means – most North American cities were at one time...

By the 1690’s, fur related fashion was out! Demand? But the fur trade could not stop overnight – so what happened? The price of pelts finally went up again in 1715, but that was only because the supply dwindled with the lack of demand.

The “Mother Country” and the trading companies vs. the settlers and the religious community. According to France and its companies, the purpose of the New France was to… A COLONY would have its own form of government New France was only made into a “full” colony in 1663 – by Louis XIV.

Most settlers were engaged in which economic activity? Wheat Production As the population increased, so did their need for… How big were the families?

Jean-Talon – diversification of the economy. Cows, sheep and horses – encouraging different types of agriculture. Different types of grain : barley, oats, rye, corn, flax, etc. Small workshops: hemp = rope, linen = sails Large workshops: leather, wool and naval / ship production.

In 1665, New France decided to sell some of its surplus inventory to places OTHER than France (Good Lord Heaven Above!) Cape Breton Island got flour, and fish was sent to the Caribbean. Exporting is expensive, but it helped New France…how? E.G.: selling the surplus flour led to the need for more flour mills.

Currency - Definition? But if money was in short supply – people would revert to what... Examples of currency during the French Regime: The French Pound = 20 sols = 240 deniers Card Currency Certificates or promise notes But what happened after 1763 and the Treaty of Paris?

The lack of specialized labourers! Higher production costs Lack of Capital (what is capital?) The weakness of the local market Competition from the “Mother Country” N.B. Businesses that targeted the local economy did much better!

Why is transportation important for business? Road construction In the “Kings Road.” Small bridges. All inhabitants were responsible for road maintenance –organized by the government

Was New France successful? In the end they were just a supplier for the “Mother Country.” ( Conclusion?) British conquest in 1763 – what happened to the economy? Were the British good or bad business men?

Find a really old map from the French Regime (1497 – 1763) and do the same Historical Process we did for our chapter test : When was the document created? Who created it? What was the main motivation behind its creation? Who was the primary audience it was intended for? What historical conclusions can you draw from this document? *Please include a print up of your chosen map and any websites you may have used in your research!