October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 1 OPERA/CNGS1 O scillation P roject with E mulsion-t R acking A pparatus 1.Status of the installation of the electronic detectors 2.Results of the commissioning of the electronic detectors & DAQ 3.Brick production and detector filling: status 4.CNGS first Physics run 5.Event selection & Brick finding 6.Brick processing & Emulsion analysis 7.Looking at CNGS events in OPERA bricks 8.Conclusions Outline:

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 2 1. Status of the installation of the electronic detectors

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 3 Electronic detectors installation & commissioning completed SM1 Veto BMS Target tracker SM2 Spectrometer: XPC, HPT, RPC, magnet

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 4 Completion of HPT installation -March 2007: HPT 9&11 -May 2007: end of mass production -June 2007: HPT 10&12 gas system SM2 completed July 07 cabling SM2 completed June 07 all TDC inside the main DAQ all cables calibrated Main remaining problem: Pickup noise from magnet coil for HPT inside the magnet: filter the data onto the pulse width basis filter the supply of the front-end board with ferrite

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 5 VETO installation The VETO consists of 2 planes of 32 Glass Resistive Plate Chambers. Each plane is read-out by 2 planes of orthogonal copper strips (X,Y).

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 6 VETO commissioning Noise map: All the GRPCs are working, but the pick-up has to be optimized A detailed efficiency study using cosmic & beam events is underway Flow rate monitor: important for humidity control working continuously since 210 days Current monitor: Water vapor gasflow

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 7 DAQ computing architecture Event builder Root Alignment Data analysis Brick finding Gateway DB CNGS DB (Oracle) BMM TTdaqRPCdaq HPTdaq Majority trigger Same DAQ for RPC-XPC-VETO 54 sensors X-Y coincidence L-R coincidence N planes coinc? 992 sensors Trigger cross-check? Tests procedure 105 sensors … TTsensors … RPCsensors… HPTsensors ASCII Time coincidence between subdetectors (merge sort) Event classification wrt the beam UTC Event header production Raw data DB postGres (DAQ) Oracle Event DB (Oracle) DAQ manager Beam syncronizer Decodes CNGS early warning Flag the DAQ cycle wrt the beam CNGS Early Warning Connects the DAQs Send flagged cycles Writes GPS dates ASCII ASCII-2-Root

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 8 Currently in Hall B: DAQ servers Gateway server DAQ-MMS Database Computer room inside the HallB Control room DAQ DB: migration to Oracle completed DAQ live time > 95% During the CNGS run

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 9 DAQ: event building concept Event building : by sorting in time individual hit from sub-detectors: for each sub-detector in the dedicated sub-detector DAQ machine + filtering algorithms between sub-detectors in the event builder machine + filtering algorithms HPT RPC TT Δt between consecutive hits 10 nsec binning 100 nsec 600 nsec Trigger for sub-detectors : free running mode at the hardware threshold for TT, RPC & Veto Common stop formed by using RPC signals (dedicated electronics) for the HPT

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 10 Time stamp resolution Without fiber transmission correction With position correction Sigma : 9 nsec down going muon : side view Time difference Strip number

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 11 Up-going muon selection using the time stamp 2006 data: Cosmics and beam data Only cosmics data: 44 days of data expected 2 observed 1 Beam events Down going Up going Up going muon from atmospheric ν v/c

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais Results from the commissioning of the electronic detectors & DAQ

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 13 VETO commissioning CNGS rock muon Cosmic muon Veto 1 resolutionVeto 2 resolution Y Veto 1 vs Y TT Y Veto 2 vs Y TT ~2 cm~4 cm

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 14 Target Tracker efficiency using cosmic ray tracks Trigger rate: 1 p.e.  20 cps per pixel 2 p.e.  10 cps per pixel 1 p.e. 2 p.e. 3 p.e. 99%

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 15 Mgnetic field influence on TT response 10<B<40<Gauss inside the TT gain ratioN pe ratio rock side corridor side R=ON/OFF ch #

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 16 RPC efficiencies using cosmic ray tracks All problems have been cured Inefficiencies mostly located in first SM and due to HV/gas distribution failures:  maintenance scheduled at the end of brick insertion on SM1 to avoid interference with BMS RPC XPC SM1 SM2 SM1SM2

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 17 RPC spatial resolution Tracking resolution ~ 1.3 cm, Misalignments < 1 cm using cosmic ray tracks Cluster size

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 18 RPC/XPC timing system for HPT σ RPC = 3.5 nsec σ XPC = 5.3 nsec Efficiency vs time XPC1 XPC2 RPC1 RPC11 RPC12 RPC13 RPC20 RPC21 RPC22

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 19 Status of reconstruction for HPT - Reconstruction running stable for data and MC events - Timing corrections implemented - Alignment ongoing, starting from TDA measurements - Resolution of ~500  m in single planes for cosmic data (see plots below) - Alignment will bring improvements (300  m prototype measurements) - 80% track efficiency for cosmic data Trigger efficiency vs track angle

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais Brick production and detector filling: status

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 21 Brick components Emulsions : delivered in GS material for bricks (including CSd) : 75%  no room for finding new funds (Funding Agency Meeting, March 23, 2007) Lead : present production rate is pcs/day (~ 2.5 drum/day). the production rate has been increased following the stability of brick production (BAM) and detector filling (BMS) rate. Lead mechanical quality is now good and stable. Air flow is still needed to secure single sheet pick up in BAM piling stations. Lead radioactivity + no surface migration observed + family equilibrium restored following the expected T 1/2 ~4.6 months

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 22 BAM Achieved milestones: 10 Kbricks by last SPSC 2 drums/day in May  20 Kbricks by end of may 2.5 drums/day in June 3 drums/day from oct 1 st all technical aspects under control but resource dependent ! Drum loader (1 drum = 234 bricks) BAM in Dark 5 Piling/Pressing stations 1 Wrapping station Lead Loading Running with 2 shifts/day

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 23 Brick production summary ~60000 bricks inside the detector

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 24 Completion of the Detector filling End of April 2008 June 10 th July 25 th October 24 th 2008 SPS schedule for physics: May 10 th  November 10 th

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 25 Brick Manipulator System Loading station and brick drum Draw bridge for brick insertion Storage Carrousel Digital camera for positioning Vacuum sucker vehicle to retrieve bricks Electric jack to insert bricks Portico Manipulating platform Spatial precision o(0.1 mm) on ranges o(10 m) using digital camera vision

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 26 BMS : Insertion performances Verified performance (without failures or waiting time in drum exchange): insertion of 500 bricks in one shift Running staff: 1 expert and 1 operator per shift Daily rate from 21/10/06 to 21/06/07 - Max daily rate Running with 2 shifts per day

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais CNGS first Physics run

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 28 CNGS run in 2007 Bricks at the start of the run Bricks at the end of the run Integrated p.o.tBricks with interactions tons tons pot180 (~6/day) 10 charm decay Hypothesis: 3 weeks of CNGS commissioning: 38 (half intensity, 1 CNGS cycle), 39, 41 3 additional weeks of physics run : 40, 42, 43 super cycle with 3 CNGS : 39.6 sec intensity as in the 2006 run : pot/extraction (70% of nominal high intensity) 70% efficiency of the machine complex 2006 CNGS run : ~ pot nominal CNGS year : pot OPERA request to the SPSC June 2007

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 29 SPS & CNGS commissioning Repairing completed week 38 Horn & reflector cooling system refurbished Commissioning: week 39: low intensity  CNGS alignment week 40: intensity increase up to pot/cycle fix for strip lines SPS commissioning for 3 CNGS cycles Friday, October 5 th, at 5:30 pm start physics beam  Beam very stable  Beam stopped on October 13th for alarm on the control system for the ventilation  work going for recabling a new control system, beam should be back not later Friday October 19 th CNGS/OPERA Allocated time Research Board July 2007

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 30 CNGS performance Mo Tue Fri 5/10 Commissioning Physics Extraction 1 Integrated flux: pot Extraction pot Fri 5/10, 18:00 Tue 9/10, 18:00 Nominal high intensity pot

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 31 CNGS event selection by using the GPS Timing Information Searching events in O(ms) windows just yields a narrow peak of the order of the spill width (10.5 us) with practically no CR background: O(10 -4 ) CR background T SPS T OPERA TOF=2.44 ms T OPERA – (T SPS + TOF) < T gate GPS time stamp intercalibration ~100 ns T gate slightly larger than the extraction length (10.5  s) ms Spill length Beam time structure shown with an enlarged windows around the first extraction

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 32 Absolute Time Comparison New calibration campaign 2007: July 2007 with a portable atomic Cs clock capable of providing a 1PPS signal synchronized with UTC and stable at the level of few ns over several days Measure the timing signals at various points of the chain at CERN and LNGS compared to the 1PPS of the Cs clock  absolute calibration transported in all the single points, check the calibrations performed last year with independent method Precise timing: implement a fast digitizer recording the proton current at the level of the BCT 2007 data: 393 CNGS events (all categories) using the same calibrations as last year Cross check Status for this run: same hardware than in 2006 (Kicker synchro) Latest news: CERN will provide a new GPS receiver, an atomic Cs clock and the hardware/software for tracking the LNGS GPS system with a resolution of 1nsec to be installed at LNGS

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais Event selection & Brick finding

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 34 CNGS event selection Data processing: data are extracted from the DAQ data base every 12 hours all events are processed through the OPREC reconstruction package In time events are selected and stored on a dedicated file Brick finding: all in time events are scanned visually and sorted by categories:  in target event CC or NC like (according to the muon id)  magnet interaction  rock muon in target events are analyzed through the brick finding package  each step of the reconstruction for the muon is checked manually  iterative process including;  neural network for the wall finding  hadronic shower parametrization  probability estimate for the vertex location in each brick  exact configuration and alignment of the target at the time of the event (BMM data base)  at the end the list of bricks is provided for each event Accumulated statistics for pot  24 CC like events 8 NC like event 3 events in the scintillator

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 35 CNGS events outside the target Event vertex location defined as the first hit of the 3D track Fit: 3.4 ± 0.2 degree Muon candidate energy spectrum Vertical beam angle Data = 331 MC = Magnet 1Magnet 2

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 36 CC like event « Opera baby » P μ : 7.87 GeV/c Xtalk in MAPMT: ~60% of the nb of hits ~3% of the nb of PE

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 37 Hadronic shower parametrization p.e. tot 1579 p.e. muon Wall 5 Tray 24 Cell 6 prob= 0.9 Wall 6 Tray 24 Cell 6 prob= 0.09 Fitted muon trackPredicted brick

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 38 NC like event Pwall >93%Bricks: wall 3 tray 28 cell 7 prob= 0.67 wall 3 tray 28 cell 6 prob= 0.13 wall 3 tray 27 cell7 prob= 0.08 wall 3 tray 29 cell 7 prob= 0.05

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 39 Interaction inside the TT SM2 SM1

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais Brick processing & Emulsion analysis

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 41 X ray marks 8 cm 7,5 cm 1 shot Xray Brick films alignment 6 lines for alignment (crossing point) 1 line (inclined) for plate numbering X-ray machine CS-doublet brick CSd alignment & CSd brick connection

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 42 Chemical plant Almost ready Main control unit powered, working Demi water ready, 20° C ok Filtered water available, 20° C ok Collection tanks secured A nice chemical Lab set aside (small operations, & quality check! : thanks to LNGS Chemical Service) Big preparation tanks

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 43 Brick processing lab Progress report: Climatization resumed, ok! Safelight darkroom ok 5 proc. lines cabled to front-end (6th suspended) Lines # 1,2,3 tested, ready and operational in automated mode  Lines # 3,4,5 to follow soon; some refinement suggested by tests

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 44 European Scanning System R&D on 20 cm2/h European Scanning System completed successfully (end 2004) 30 ESS distributed among 11 labs ( 22 ESS in 8 Italian labs ): Bari, Bern, Bologna, Lngs, Lyon, Napoli, Salerno + Neuchatel, Roma, LNF, Padova Integrated in a online computers network : including DB, manager, on line computation, plate changer …..

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 45 Scanning in Japan The 1 st S-UTS (20cm 2 /h) SUTS status: first unit ready : 20 cm²/h R&D in progress in order to reach 60 cm²/h  X50 lens  Optimized FPGA code 5 units in preparation  300 cm²/h CSD scanning Brick scanning Vertex finding performances: Single track scan back : Vertex finding: ν μ CC : 15’ for vertex finding nx10’ for vertex studies ν μ NC : 2-3 x CC vertex finding time

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 46 Automated Track Reconstruction and Vertex Search position residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks angular residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks (vertical tracks) scan-back efficiency 93.1% volume scan scan-back tracks followed backward film by film track search in the CS doublet Following the electronic detectors predictions vertex reconstruction

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 47 CSd & Brick : track location rehearsal Using nearly horizontal cosmic muons: Transverse position difference (found – pred) Longitudinal position difference (found – pred) Transverse slope difference (found – pred) Longitudinal slope difference (found – pred) Difference wrt TT prediction for tracks located in the CSd σ= 5 μm σ= 10 μm σ= 3 mrad σ= 11 mrad Track following inside the brick

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais Looking at CNGS events inside the OPERA bricks

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 49 Looking at CNGS events First located vertex Interesting di-muon event CS film developmentWed., Oct. 10 th Brick film development Thurs., Oct. 11 th CS scanning Fri., Oct. 12 th Brick transportation LNGS  BARISat., Oct. 13 th, 1.30 p.m. CS scanning predictions LNGS  BARISat., Oct. 13 th, 2.52 p.m. SB started Sun., Oct. 14 th, a.m. Track disappearance Sun., Oct. 14 th, 5.25 p.m. Quasi-online reconstruction Sun., Oct. 14 th, 5.42 p.m. and event confirmation

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 50 Muon track following 4 μm 2 mrad Mean value: 22.5 RMS : 3.3 Grain density Fill factor: 82% for base tracks 100% including μ-tracks Difference wrt the CSd prediction  x=27 μm,  y=6 μm muon candidate followed back from film 57 to 30 track disappearance in film 29 stop confirmed in 4 consecutive films (last measured film 26)

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 51 Vertex parameters VTX ID17 Downstream Tracks 8 Upstream Tracks0 Avg. Track Distance6.0 micron X Y Z in lead between films 29 and 30 depth ~ 40 micron Could be a Charm decay candidate !

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 52 Tracks association wrt CSD tracks track 689 film 44: compatible with track found in CS1-CS2 ? CS2: SB track found also in CS1-CS2! CS2: film 44: track 71

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 53 Lookig at CNGS events CSd prediction on Monday morning (high fog CSd) track found in the brick : Δx = 56 μm, Δy = 25 μm (wrt CSd predictions) Δθ x = 9 mrad, Δθ y = 10 mrad track followed until plate #37 fill factor with base-tracks : 100% 2 nd located vertex Nice quasi-elastic event

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 54 Vertex found: Quasi elastic event Nuclear fragment Muon track

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 55 Looking at CNGS event 3rd located films shipped on October 12 th, delivered on October 16 CSd scanning on october 16th (2h per CC like event, 12h per NC like) event  CSd track: difference wrt TT prediction Δx= 17.3 mm, Δy= -2.1 mm  scan-back on October 17 th : first vertex found and confirmed Event :

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 56 Vertex found : 5 prongs event

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais Conclusions The concept of the OPERA detector is now fully validated from the electronic detectors  emulsion analysis The τ hunting is starting from now on and for ~5 years ! The brick production is launched and the detector could be filled before the physics run in 2008 Caveat: the schedule for the detector filling is tight and the resources limited  any problem will now induce delays impossible to recover The OPERA collaboration is grateful towards the staff members & the management of the LNGS for their constant support