Week IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques 1 COMP3470 IS33 People-Centred Information Systems Development Week 2 : ISD Approaches: theories, methods and techniques Asking: what, how and when? School of Computing FACULTY OF Engineering

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques2 Week ISD…….a bit short of theories? (some being used in HCI?)

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques3 Week Theories of Motivation There are 4 well-publicized motivational theories: Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Hygiene Theory Expectancy Theory Achievement Theory How to use these theories? When? Advantages and disadvantages

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques4 Week Methods and Techniques UML Stakeholder analysis Rich picture Ethnography Joint Application Development (JAD) User-centred design

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques5 Week How? Workshop / common visual display Use of IT decision support systems (e.g. Groupsystem) prototypes SQIRO, field studies Individual /small group consultation Informal expert review Usability / formal heuristic evaluation Iterative design

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques6 Week When? Data collection / Understanding Feasibility study / Analysis Design Implementation Testing /evaluation Installation Well revisit these when we come to Methodologies

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques7 Week Lets look at the methods & techniques one by one…

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques8 Week UML 1. Where does people feature in UML? 2. How these diagrams can be used? 3. When? 4. Advantages and disadvantages?

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques9 Week Stakeholder Analysis 1. Need to identify the people who need to be consulted while gathering requirements 2. Usually involve stakeholders in brainstorming sessions 3. Possible stakeholders – shareholders/investors, employees (different subgroups?), customers, suppliers, trade associations, environmental groups, public stakeholder group (government bodies…); some of these could be users of IS but not all 4. Advantages and disadvantages?

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques10 Week Rich Picture 1. What is it – see example from Avison & Fitzgerald p.159 To examine factors such as interfaces, boundaries, subsystems, the control of resources, organisational structure, role of personnel, organisational goals, employee needs, issues, problems, and concerns 2. How can this be used? 3. When? 4. Advantages and disadvantages?

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques11 Week Ethnography 1. a method of observing human interactions in social setting and activities (Burke & Kirk 2001, ) 2. = field study, contextual inquiry, observational study in HCI and systems analysis 3. How? 4. When? 5. Advantages & disadvantages?

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques12 Week JAD 1. A facilitated meeting involving business users and IS professionals for confirming design decisions 2. How? 3. When? 4. Advantages and disadvantages?

IS33 ISD - theories, methods & techniques13 Week User-Centred Design 1. The practice of the following principles: the active involvement of users for a clear understanding of user and task requirements, iterative design & evaluation, and a multi-disciplinary approach. (Vredenburg et al, A Survey of User- Centered Design Practice, in CHI 2002: changing the world, changing ourself, CHI Letters, Vol 4 no 1) 2. How? 3. When? 4. Advantages and disadvantages?