Section I: The Threat of War Pages This section is about: This section is about: Events in the 1930 ’ s that led up to World War II, including Japan ’ s invasion of China, Italy ’ s invasion of Ethiopia, and the Spanish civil war. Events in the 1930 ’ s that led up to World War II, including Japan ’ s invasion of China, Italy ’ s invasion of Ethiopia, and the Spanish civil war. How Hitler began taking territory for Germany in the late 1930 ’ s. How Hitler began taking territory for Germany in the late 1930 ’ s. Events in the 1930 ’ s that led up to World War II, including Japan ’ s invasion of China, Italy ’ s invasion of Ethiopia, and the Spanish civil war. Events in the 1930 ’ s that led up to World War II, including Japan ’ s invasion of China, Italy ’ s invasion of Ethiopia, and the Spanish civil war. How Hitler began taking territory for Germany in the late 1930 ’ s. How Hitler began taking territory for Germany in the late 1930 ’ s.

The picture on 660/661 is very similar to what we saw with WWI (610/611). Lets look at page 660 (the writing). And, the timeline – what’s the biggest event for the United States?

Rumblings of War in Asia and Europe Look at “ Main Ideas ” on page 662 (especially B). Look at “ Main Ideas ” on page 662 (especially B). Germany ’ s aggression and the rise of Adolph Hitler were only two of the problems in Europe at this time. Germany ’ s aggression and the rise of Adolph Hitler were only two of the problems in Europe at this time. The were also conflicts in China, Japan, Italy, and Spain. The were also conflicts in China, Japan, Italy, and Spain.

Japan Expands Into Asia Remember that China was having a civil war in the 1930 ’ s: Mao Zedong and the Communists against Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Remember that China was having a civil war in the 1930 ’ s: Mao Zedong and the Communists against Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. But, Japan was also causing some problems for China. But, Japan was also causing some problems for China. Japan had been looking for an excuse to invade China. Japan had been looking for an excuse to invade China. When there was an explosion at a Japanese owned railroad in Manchuria, the Japanese decided it was time (they probably set up the explosion themselves). When there was an explosion at a Japanese owned railroad in Manchuria, the Japanese decided it was time (they probably set up the explosion themselves). They conquered Manchuria and set up a Japanese backed government. They conquered Manchuria and set up a Japanese backed government. ………………… …………………

Japan and Hideki Tojo (military leader) believed they had the right to rule Asia. Japan and Hideki Tojo (military leader) believed they had the right to rule Asia. While they were there, they might as well use the natural resources (Japan doesn ’ t have many). While they were there, they might as well use the natural resources (Japan doesn ’ t have many). The League of Nations told Japan to stop being so aggressive in Asia – so Japan got mad at them and quit the group. The League of Nations told Japan to stop being so aggressive in Asia – so Japan got mad at them and quit the group. One of the next cities Japan attacked was Nanjing. For 6 weeks after their victory, they rampaged through the city, torturing and murdering more than 300,000 men, women, and children. One of the next cities Japan attacked was Nanjing. For 6 weeks after their victory, they rampaged through the city, torturing and murdering more than 300,000 men, women, and children. This made the two Chinese groups unite to fight the Japanese – and – it made them look real bad to the rest of the world. This made the two Chinese groups unite to fight the Japanese – and – it made them look real bad to the rest of the world.

Italy Invades Ethiopia In Italy in the 1930 ’ s, Mussolini was “ humiliated ” that he didn ’ t have too many rich colonies. In Italy in the 1930 ’ s, Mussolini was “ humiliated ” that he didn ’ t have too many rich colonies. He looked to expand his empire into Africa (Ethiopia) and eventually invaded them. He looked to expand his empire into Africa (Ethiopia) and eventually invaded them. The League of Nations issued some sanctions (penalties) against Italy, but most European nations wanted him as a friend (not an enemy), so they asked that the sanctions be lifted. The League of Nations issued some sanctions (penalties) against Italy, but most European nations wanted him as a friend (not an enemy), so they asked that the sanctions be lifted. The emperor of Ethiopia told Europe: “ It is us today. It will be you tomorrow. ” The emperor of Ethiopia told Europe: “ It is us today. It will be you tomorrow. ”

Spain Fights a Civil War In the 1930 ’ s Spain also had a civil war (fascism vs. democracy) The Loyalists Supported the existing government – which had passed reforms helping poor people. Supported the existing government – which had passed reforms helping poor people. Mainly workers, trade unionists and supporters of democracy. Mainly workers, trade unionists and supporters of democracy. Asked for help from the U.S., France, and Great Britain. Asked for help from the U.S., France, and Great Britain. France sent 200 planes and 9,000 men. France sent 200 planes and 9,000 men. The U.S. and Britain sent food, clothing, and medical supplies (they didn't want to get Hitler or Mussolini mad at them). The U.S. and Britain sent food, clothing, and medical supplies (they didn't want to get Hitler or Mussolini mad at them). The Nationalists Military, landowners and leaders of the Roman Catholic Church. Military, landowners and leaders of the Roman Catholic Church. Led by Francisco Franco (Fascist). Led by Francisco Franco (Fascist). Looked to Italy and Germany for support Looked to Italy and Germany for support Mussolini sent planes, tanks, ships, cannons, weapons, and soldiers to support attacks on the Spanish government. Mussolini sent planes, tanks, ships, cannons, weapons, and soldiers to support attacks on the Spanish government. Germany sent 16,000 men. Germany sent 16,000 men. …………………. ………………….

As many as 60,000 volunteers came from around the world came to help the Loyalists. As many as 60,000 volunteers came from around the world came to help the Loyalists. Even with all the help, they were weaker than the Nationalists. Even with all the help, they were weaker than the Nationalists. After 3 years, Franco had crushed the Loyalists. After 3 years, Franco had crushed the Loyalists. The United States, France and Great Britain all realized they regretted not helping more. The United States, France and Great Britain all realized they regretted not helping more. Now there was another European country with a strong military dictatorship. Now there was another European country with a strong military dictatorship. This also gave German and Italian Soldiers some fighting practice. This also gave German and Italian Soldiers some fighting practice. And, Hitler now had some access to Spain ’ s iron ore – which could be used for ……… And, Hitler now had some access to Spain ’ s iron ore – which could be used for ……… Spanish Civil War Posters

Pablo Picasso's famous painting revealed the horrors of the Spanish Civil War. He created this huge image in protest against the aerial bombing and the catastrophic slaughter of civilians in Guernica in 1937 by German bombers. Picasso used symbols and images of broken people, with most of the faces looking up to the sky from where the bombs fell.

Germany Plans for War In 1936, Hitler moved German soldiers into the Rhineland region of Germany. In 1936, Hitler moved German soldiers into the Rhineland region of Germany. They weren ’ t supposed to be there (the Treaty of Versailles). They weren ’ t supposed to be there (the Treaty of Versailles). Hitler didn ’ t care – and now he had a place to launch an attack on Europe from. Hitler didn ’ t care – and now he had a place to launch an attack on Europe from. That same fall he made alliances with Italy and Japan – to back each other up. That same fall he made alliances with Italy and Japan – to back each other up. Hitler announced he wanted to be friends with the Soviet Union. Hitler announced he wanted to be friends with the Soviet Union. In 1937, Hitler also announced Germany needed more room and he wanted to expand his country. In 1937, Hitler also announced Germany needed more room and he wanted to expand his country.

Germany Takes Over Austria and Czechoslovakia Hitler's plan was to unite all German speaking countries – Austria was one of those. Hitler's plan was to unite all German speaking countries – Austria was one of those. Hitler forced Austria ’ s government to put some Nazi ’ s in positions of power – leading to their government ’ s collapse. Hitler forced Austria ’ s government to put some Nazi ’ s in positions of power – leading to their government ’ s collapse. Hitler used Austrian money to build steel factories and supply his military forces. Hitler used Austrian money to build steel factories and supply his military forces. Hitler also wanted an area of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland - with 3 million German speaking people) – so he took it. Hitler also wanted an area of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland - with 3 million German speaking people) – so he took it. Great Britain and France were mad, but didn ’ t do anything about it – they didn ’ t want to go to war over just that. Great Britain and France were mad, but didn ’ t do anything about it – they didn ’ t want to go to war over just that.

The Munich Conference In September, 1938, leaders of G.B. and France met with Hitler and Mussolini. In September, 1938, leaders of G.B. and France met with Hitler and Mussolini. Their agreement ended up that Hitler got to keep the Sudetenland and the rest of Czechoslovakia would stay independent, but he agreed that would be all he wanted. Their agreement ended up that Hitler got to keep the Sudetenland and the rest of Czechoslovakia would stay independent, but he agreed that would be all he wanted. This agreement was called appeasement. This agreement was called appeasement. Can you trust Hitler? After the conference and he agreement, he almost immediately invaded Czechoslovakia – eventually using their resources and weapons against the Allies. Can you trust Hitler? After the conference and he agreement, he almost immediately invaded Czechoslovakia – eventually using their resources and weapons against the Allies. Giving in to someone ’ s demands, hoping they won ’ t do anything worse.

Nonaggression Pact with the Soviets Hitler knew he should only attack one enemy at a time. Hitler knew he should only attack one enemy at a time. That ’ s why he made the agreement in Munich – he wasn ’ t ready to fight G.B. or France yet. That ’ s why he made the agreement in Munich – he wasn ’ t ready to fight G.B. or France yet. He had to make sure the Soviet Union wouldn ’ t get involved yet. He had to make sure the Soviet Union wouldn ’ t get involved yet. In 1939, Hitler and Stalin made an agreement that they wouldn ’ t invade each other (and secretly agreed they ’ d divide up the lands between them). In 1939, Hitler and Stalin made an agreement that they wouldn ’ t invade each other (and secretly agreed they ’ d divide up the lands between them).

This worked out well for Hitler ’ s plan. This worked out well for Hitler ’ s plan. He didn ’ t want to fight Russia in the east while he was busy with France and Great Britain in the west. He didn ’ t want to fight Russia in the east while he was busy with France and Great Britain in the west. Hitler hated the Slavs (believed they were an inferior race). Hitler hated the Slavs (believed they were an inferior race). Stalin detested Nazi Germany, but wanted the territories Hitler promised him. Stalin detested Nazi Germany, but wanted the territories Hitler promised him. This also gave Stalin time to build up his military. This also gave Stalin time to build up his military. Other European nations prayed Hitler would be happy with the lands he already had, and there ’ s be no war. Other European nations prayed Hitler would be happy with the lands he already had, and there ’ s be no war. But, you can ’ t trust Adolph Hitler…….. But, you can ’ t trust Adolph Hitler……..