MICROBIOLOGY Micro:small Bio:life Logy:study Microbiology is the study of living things too small to be seen. Usually, this includes single celled organisms.

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Presentation transcript:

MICROBIOLOGY Micro:small Bio:life Logy:study Microbiology is the study of living things too small to be seen. Usually, this includes single celled organisms (bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungus).

It also includes viruses Virus:a package of genetic material wrapped in protein. Viruses enter cells, force the cell to make more viruses, then kill the cell and infect other cells. Are viruses living?

Are they made of cells? (no) Do they transfer energy? (no) Do they respond to changes in their environment? (yes) Do they reproduce? (not by themselves)

Bottom line:viruses are not living things. Viruses reproduce by taking over a cell’s reproductive enzymes. Viruses are parasites. Parasites are things that live on or in cells (the cells are called hosts). A parasite lives off the host, gives nothing good to the host, and eventually kills the host.

Examples of viruses Rabies virus Influenza virus

HIV (AIDS) virus

HOW VIRUSES CAUSE INFECTION— THE LYTIC CYCLE 1.Attachment: The virus recognizes a receptor site on the host cell and attaches to it. Viruses are host specific.

2.Entry: The viral genetic material enters the cell. Viruses have DNA or RNA but never both. 3.Replication: The viral genetic material uses the cell to reproduce. 4.Assembly: The virus uses the cell’s ribosomes to make more protein coats. The genetic material enters the protein coats.

5.Release: The new viruses (thousands) leave the cell. Frequently, the cell bursts, but not always. Virus diseases: cold, flu, rabies, smallpox, chicken pox, warts, AIDS, herpes, SARS, mumps.

Why can’t viral diseases be cured? 1.Medicines have to go into the cell to reach the virus. Cells usually don’t allow the medicine into the cell membrane. 2.Viruses have the same chemical makeup as our cells. By killing the virus, we have to kill our own cells.