Meteorology 415 Fall 2012 Contest 2 City 1 – RAP October 16, 2012

Rapid City, South Dakota

Rapid City, SD -Observations KRAP Z 18015KT 10SM CLR 21/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP975 T = KRAP Z 18015KT 10SM CLR 21/03 A2951= KRAP Z 18016KT 10SM CLR 21/02 A2946 RMK AO2 SLP955 T = KRAP Z 18016KT 10SM CLR 21/02 A2946= KRAP Z 21011KT 10SM FEW120 22/01 A2941 RMK AO2 SLP943 T = KRAP Z 29005KT 10SM OVC110 21/01 A2938 RMK AO2 SLP937 T = KRAP Z 29005KT 10SM OVC110 21/01 A2938= KRAP Z 11003KT 10SM FEW048 SCT075 BKN090 19/02 A2936 RMK AO2 RAB24E35 SLP928 P0000 T = KRAP Z 11003KT 10SM FEW048 SCT075 BKN090 19/02 A2936= KRAP Z 36011KT 10SM OVC100 19/03 A2936 RMK AO2 RAB36E50 SLP931 P0000 T = KRAP Z 36011KT 10SM OVC100 19/03 A2936= KRAP Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935 RMK AO2 RAB2254E04 SLP933 P T = KRAP Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935=

Rapid City, SD -Observations KRAP Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935 RMK AO2 RAB2254E04 SLP933 P T = KRAP Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935= KRAP Z 34020KT 10SM -RA BKN070 OVC090 13/09 A2939 RMK AO2 PK WND 34032/0016 RAB04 SLP949 P0000 T = KRAP Z 34020KT 10SM -RA BKN070 OVC090 13/09 A2939= KRAP Z 31027G34KT 9SM -RA BKN060 OVC070 12/08 A2944 RMK AO2 PK WND 31034/0151 SLP969 P0003 T = KRAP Z 31027G34KT 9SM -RA BKN060 OVC070 12/08 A2944= KRAP Z 30012G20KT 10SM -RA OVC050 09/07 A2947 RMK AO2 PK WND 30040/0158 SLP977 P T $= KRAP Z 30012G20KT 10SM -RA OVC050 09/07 A2947= KRAP Z 30014KT 10SM SCT075 OVC090 10/06 A2947 RMK AO2 RAE48 SLP971 P0001 T $= KRAP Z 30014KT 10SM SCT075 OVC090 10/06 A2947= KRAP Z AUTO 29007KT 10SM FEW065 SCT090 OVC110 10/06 A2949 RMK AO2 RAB02E17 SLP972 P0000 T $= KRAP Z AUTO 29007KT 10SM FEW065 SCT090 OVC110 10/06 A2949= KRAP Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP T $= KRAP Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951=

Rapid City, SD -Observations KRAP Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP T $= KRAP Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951= KRAP Z AUTO 32019KT 10SM CLR 10/M03 A2954 RMK AO2 PK WND 31029/0621 SLP991 T $= KRAP Z AUTO 32019KT 10SM CLR 10/M03 A2954= KRAP Z AUTO 32023G35KT 10SM CLR 09/M05 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 31037/0741 SLP998 T $= KRAP Z AUTO 32023G35KT 10SM CLR 09/M05 A2957= KRAP Z AUTO 30017G27KT 10SM CLR 08/M04 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 30036/0831 SLP001 T $= KRAP Z AUTO 30017G27KT 10SM CLR 08/M04 A2957= KRAP Z AUTO 31022G43KT 10SM CLR 09/M04 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 31043/0944 SLP003 T $= KRAP Z AUTO 31022G43KT 10SM CLR 09/M04 A2957= KRAP Z AUTO 33022G49KT 10SM OVC060 08/M03 A2960 RMK AO2 PK WND 32049/1045 SLP013 T $= KRAP Z AUTO 33022G49KT 10SM OVC060 08/M03 A2960= KRAP Z AUTO 32031G53KT 10SM SQ BKN060 08/M02 A2960 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100 $= KRAP Z AUTO 32031G53KT 10SM SQ BKN060 08/M02 A2960= KRAP Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100 SLP T $= KRAP Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963=

Rapid City, SD -Observations KRAP Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100 SLP T $= KRAP Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963= KRAP Z 31036G47KT 10SM OVC110 08/M04 A2961 RMK AO2 PK WND 31047/1245 SLP026 T $= KRAP Z 31036G47KT 10SM OVC110 08/M04 A2961= KRAP Z 32037G47KT 10SM FEW120 08/M04 A2961 RMK AO2 PK WND 31053/1327 SLP028 T = KRAP Z 32037G47KT 10SM FEW120 08/M04 A2961= KRAP Z 32034G50KT 10SM CLR 08/M06 A2965 RMK AO2 PK WND 32054/1358 SLP042 T = KRAP Z 32034G50KT 10SM CLR 08/M06 A2965= KRAP Z 32038G48KT 10SM CLR 09/M06 A2967 RMK AO2 PK WND 32057/1534 SLP048 T = KRAP Z 32038G48KT 10SM CLR 09/M06 A2967= KRAP Z 32032G44KT 10SM SCT075 10/M06 A2970 RMK AO2 PK WND 32046/1610 SLP058 T = KRAP Z 32032G44KT 10SM SCT075 10/M06 A2970= KRAP Z 33034G46KT 10SM SCT080 10/M07 A2971 RMK AO2 PK WND 32046/1749 SLP063 T =

Rapid City, SD– Surface Map

Rapid City, SD – Upper Air Pattern

Rapid City, SD – Satellite

Rapid City, SD– Radar

Rapid City, SD – Guidance

Verification

Survey Path Scores

Career Path Scores

Up Close and Personal

Lessons Learned: RAP Remarkably, the air became more moist behind the front – particularly due to the anabatic structure of the front. Strong winds take a while to mix down, though the dynamic forcing of downsloping from the Black Hills are independent to time of day.

L.F Wade Intl Airport - Bermuda

Bermuda- Observations TXKF Z 06012KT RA BKN023 BKN050 OVC080 24/20 Q1004= TXKF Z 04012KT RA BKN016 BKN050 OVC080 24/21 Q1003 /= TXKF Z 04015KT 6000 RA BKN013 BKN050 OVC080 24/22 Q1002= TXKF Z 05016KT 3200 RA BR BKN013 OVC050 24/23 Q1001 TXKF Z 07024KT 4800 RA BKN009 BKN033 OVC050 22/20 Q1001= TXKF Z 06020KT RA BKN009 BKN026 OVC056 22/20 Q1000= TXKF Z 04020KT 4400 RA BKN009 BKN021 OVC054 22/20 Q1000 RMK BKN009 V SCT= TXKF Z 05023G34KT 1600 RA BKN009 BKN017 OVC054 22/20 Q1000= TXKF Z 04023G33KT 2400 RA BKN009 BKN017 OVC057 21/18 Q0999= TXKF Z 04023G34KT 2400 RA SCT008 BKN019 OVC046 21/19 Q0999 RMK SCT008 V BKN= TXKF Z 04023G34KT 4000 RA SCT008 BKN017 OVC049 21/20 Q0998= TXKF Z 02024G36KT RA BKN008 BKN028 OVC050 22/20 Q0998 RMK BKN008 V SCT= TXKF Z 03027G38KT RA BKN008 BKN028 OVC054 22/20 Q0998= TXKF Z 03027G39KT RA SCT008 BKN019 OVC058 21/20 Q0998= TXKF Z 02027G38KT 4400 RA SCT008 BKN017 OVC047 22/21 Q0997= TXKF Z 02030G44KT 4000 RA BKN008 BKN016 OVC048 22/20 Q0997=

Bermuda- Observations TXKF Z 02030G44KT 4000 RA BKN008 BKN016 OVC048 22/20 Q0997= TXKF Z 01026G44KT RA BKN008 BKN017 OVC053 22/21 Q0996 RERA= TXKF Z 02025G35KT RA BKN008 BKN019 OVC056 22/21 Q0996 RERA= TXKF Z 34028G41KT RA BKN009 OVC020 23/21 Q0996= TXKF Z 34028G41KT RA BKN009 OVC020 23/21 Q0996 /= TXKF Z 33026G37KT 9999 BKN011 BKN021 OVC045 24/21 Q0997= TXKF Z 33026G37KT 9999 SCT014 BKN023 BKN050 OVC180 24/20 Q0997= TXKF Z 32023KT 9999 SCT015 BKN023 BKN041 BKN300 24/20 Q0997 /= TXKF Z 31021KT 9999 SCT017 BKN028 BKN040 BKN300 24/21 Q0999= TXKF Z 30024KT 9999 SCT018 BKN040 BKN300 25/20 Q1000 TXKF Z 30022KT 9999 SCT020 BKN034 BKN300 25/20 Q1000 TXKF Z 28019KT 9999 SCT023 BKN032 BKN300 25/20 Q1001

Bermuda- Observations TXKF Z 28019KT 9999 SCT023 BKN032 BKN300 25/20 Q1001 /= TXKF Z 28018KT 9999 FEW023 SCT032 BKN300 25/19 Q1003 TXKF Z 28020KT 9999 SCT022 SCT036 SCT300 26/21 Q1004 TXKF Z 29021KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 BKN080 25/21 Q1005 TXKF Z 30021KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 SCT036 BKN080 25/21 Q1006= TXKF Z 29017KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 SCT036 SCT080 25/20 Q1008=

Bermuda- Observations Synoptic Reports

Bermuda – Upper Air Pattern

Bermuda Radar

Bermuda Satellite

Bermuda – Satellite

Bermuda – IR

Bermuda – Guidance

Verification

Career Path Scores

Up Close and Personal

Lessons Learned: Bermuda Temperatures reach a minimum in the Tropics when it rains hard. Conditions improve rapidly after a TC moves by. Thunderstorms are less frequent on the northwest quadrant of an accelerating TC