RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM New Technology Options for Active CO 2 (and NO x ) Emissions Management Julianne Zimmerman GREENFUEL TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM Algae has multiple potential uses Biodiesel Ethanol & bioplastics Green power Biohydrogen Fish food Esterification Gasification & reforming Co-firing Fermentation Drying

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM Biodiesel from emissions is not a new idea Open ponds Bioreactors Unfortunately, past attempts at large scale operation were cost-prohibitive

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM GreenFuel innovations Algal adaptation methodology  Employs exclusively-licensed NASA biotechnology apparatus Field bioreactor design  Inexpensive to manufacture  Inexpensive to operate Photosynthesis management protocol  Optimizes algae exposure to sunlight * an economically viable solution

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM GreenFuel field trials 2004/2005

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM Field data (courtesy CK Environmental) *data measured 9 am-5 pm **data measured 24 hrs./day CO 2 Reduction* NO x Reduction** Sunny Days 82.3% ± 12.5% 85.9% ± 2.1% Cloudy Days 50.1% ± 6.5% 85.9% ± 2.1%

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM Active CO 2 management Price band More CO 2 per acreMuch lower cost

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM High efficiency land use New England Arizona rapeseed soybeans

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM Over 400 GW capacity eligible for GreenFuel installations, based on land availability

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM All parties benefit By converting CO 2 and NO x emissions into clean, renewable biodiesel (or other products),  The plant/corporation decreases costs and increases profitability  The state/nation improves its  Domestic fuel supply  Energy security  Economic productivity  Air quality  Global stature as an environmental leader

RGGI, 16 February 2005© GreenFuel TM “I’ve looked at pollution control technology, both current and emerging, for a number of years… GreenFuel’s technology is really the only thing I’ve seen that deals with CO 2 in an economic way. ” — Ryan Waddington, DTE