Intro to Biology Chapter 1
Why do Scientists Classify? Imagine a grocery store… How are they organized? What would happen if they were not organized? How is your life organized?
Why do Scientists Classify? Almost 13 billion known species of organisms Need to keep organized! (Easier to study!) Classification the grouping of information or objects based on similarities.
Why do Scientists Classify? Taxonomy is the science of grouping and naming organisms. Useful because: once classified, scientists will know a lot about an organism
6 Broadest, most inclusive taxonBroadest, most inclusive taxon Three domainsThree domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane- bound organellesEukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles Domains
7 Archaea live in harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved. Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc.
8 Eubacteria, some of which cause human diseases, are present in almost all habitats on earth. Many bacteria are important environmentally and commercially. Live in the intestines of animals
9 Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms Protista (protozoans, algae…)Protista (protozoans, algae…) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) Plantae (multicellular plants)Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals)Animalia (multicellular animals)
Where is life found? Biosphere- Earth and all of it’s living organisms Ecosystem- Community of living organisms in a specific area Population- All of the individuals of same species in the same place and time
What is alive? Organism- a living thing that carries out life processes Cells- smallest living structure that has a function
Why are all living things different? DNA- blueprint for an organism traits Gene- small part of DNA that codes for a trait
What makes up an organism? Bio system- combination of parts that act as a whole – Each has a unique function – Each part is controlled Ex. Your brain
What makes up an organism? Organism Organ systems Organs Tissues Cells
Form and Function How something works is related to its structure – Ex. Birds wings / fly Fish fins / swim Form and structure are everywhere
Reproduction/Inheritance When a cell divides it passes on its DNA – Copies its DNA Offspring gets it traits from its parent’s genes – This makes you look like your family DNA information (codes) comes from genes
How organisms interact with environment There are relationships between all living organisms Sun is the starting point for all food chains – Photosynthesis- chemical process where plants take CO 2 water and absorb sunlight to make food (sugar)
Energy and Life Producers- can make their own food Consumers- has to eat another organism to get energy Energy comes in the form of sugars and fats
Regulating our body Homeostasis- how our body maintains “stable” internal conditions – Ex. Blood pressure, heart rate, body temperate
Why do species change? Adaptation- change to survive their environment Survival of the fittest – Natural selection Those who can survive will
What does change lead to? Evolution- adaptations (changes) from generation to generation can lead to a new species
Inheritance When a cell divides it passes on it’s DNA – Copies it’s DNA Offspring get their traits from their parent’s genes – Makes you look like your family DNA information (code) comes from genes