The Plant By: Teddy Frisk

Origin of Plant  A plant is a multicellular eukaryote.  Plants evolved from filamentous green algae that lived in the ancient oceans.  Leafless plants later moved to land.

Adaptations in Plants As plants moved from the oceans to land, they had to adapt to survive.  The adaptations were:  Cuticle; the development of leaves, roots, stems, & vascular tissues.  Alteration of generations; and the evolution of the seed.

Cuticle  Waxy waterproof coating of stems & leaves of most plants.

Leaves/Roots/Stems  Leaves: Plant organ that grows from a stem, and usually where photosynthesis occurs.  Roots: Plant organ that absorbs water & minerals from soil.  Stems: Plant organ that provides support for growth.

Vascular Tissues  Tube-like cells where water, food, & other materials are transported.

Alteration of Generations 2 stages; the gametophyte generation, and the sporophyte generation (life cycle of plant).  Gametophyte generation: All cells are haploid.  Sporophyte generation: All cells are diploid, & are produced by mitosis & cell division.

Seed  Plant organ that contains an embryo, along with a food supply.

Plant Kingdom Grouped into major categories called divisions.

Nonvascular Plants  They are in the divisions Anthocerophyta, Hepaticophyta, & Bryphyta.  They produce mainly by using spores.  They don’t produce seeds.

Non-seed Vascular Plants  They are in the divisions Psilophyta, Lycophyta, Arthrophyta, & Pterophyta.  Their tissues conduct water & other materials & reproduce mainly by spores.

Vascular Seed Plants  They are in the divisions Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, Ginkgophyta, & Coniferophyta produce seeds on cones.  Male cones & females cones can be on separate plants or the same plant.

Anthophyta Division  It includes vascular, seed-producing plants that flower.  Fruits with seed develop from flowers.  Anthophytes are divided into two groups; monocotyledons & dicotyledons.