Planning an Applied Research Project Chapter 8 – Sampling Issues in Research © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Planning an Applied Research Project Chapter 8 – Sampling Issues in Research © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives »Explain the reasons for sampling »Distinguish between probability and non-probability sampling methods »Select an appropriate sampling procedure »Explain the types of sampling bias »Avoid sampling bias in your research designs now and in the future © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Key Terms »Acquiescence bias »Analytic process errors »Area sampling »Auspices bias »Cluster sampling »Confidence level » Convenience sampling » Destructive sampling »Double sampling »Extremity bias »Intercept sampling »Inference errors »Internet sampling »Interpretation errors »Interviewer interaction bias »Judgmental sampling »Moderating variables »Non–probability sampling »Non-response bias »Quota sampling © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Key Terms(cont’d) ˃ Precision ˃ Probability sampling ˃ Purposive sampling ˃ Proportional stratified sampling ˃ Recording error ˃ Relevant sample ˃ Respondent bias ˃ Sample frame ˃ Sample selection process ˃ Sample size »Simple random sampling »Snowball sampling »Social desirability bias »Stratified random sampling »Systemic bias »Systemic bias errors »Target sample © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reasons for Sampling S Staff T Time E Efficiency A Accuracy M Money or Resources © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Strategies for Selecting a Sample »Probability sampling »Non-probability sampling »Internet sampling © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Probability Sampling Strategies »Area sampling »Custer sampling »Double sampling »Proportional stratified random sampling »Simple random sampling »Stratified random sampling © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Non-Probability Sampling Strategies »Convenience sampling »Destructive sampling »Intercept sampling »Purposive or judgmental sampling »Quota sampling »Snowball sampling © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sources of Sample Bias »Three Forms of Bias ˃ Systemic bias ˃ Respondent bias ˃ Interviewer bias © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Systemic Bias »Analytic process errors »Moderating variables »Systemic bias © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Respondent Bias »Acquiescence bias »Auspices bias »Extremity bias »Non-response bias »Social desirability bias © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Interviewer Bias »Inference errors »Interviewer interaction bias »Interpretation errors »Recording errors © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Sample Size »Purpose of the research »Level of confidence needed »Extent of precision required or desired © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Review of Class Session »Anything unclear? »One thing that I learned from this class is … © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.