1. Available data battery market Batteries put on market: Detailed figures members Eucobat (17 members) Quality and coverage: Portable batteries: + Industrial batteries: +/- Automotive batteries: - External studies concerning portable batteries (EPBA) Market estimation (Eucobat – EPBA)

2. Available data battery possession Hoarding studies in 3 countries: Belgium France Netherlands

3. Available data waste batteries Detailed figures members Eucobat (17 members) Quality and coverage: Portable batteries: + Industrial batteries: +/- Automotive batteries: - External studies concerning portable batteries (EPBA) MSW analysis in several countries (not harmonised methodology) Eucobat study on battery lifespan/lifecycle in 5 countries (Belgium-France-Netherlands-Romania-Spain): See presentation for Bebat (Belgium)

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.5 SAMPLING IN PRACTICE Sampling approximately batteries collected by Bebat (in 2012) Separate sampling for each chemical family In total kg from 850 manufacturers were sampled Sampling process

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.6 SAMPLING IN PRACTICE Registering all text and take pictures so that manufacturers may look up the production date

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.7 EXTENSIVE DATASET Production date was asked to the manufacturers batteries with a known production date (2 000 kg) Chemical familyNumber of batteriesWeight in kg Alkaline Zinc Lithium primary NiCd NiMh Lead Lithium rechargeable Total

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.8 THE AVERAGE USAGE AND HOARDING TERM IS MUCH LONGER THAN 3 YEARS! Confidence level = 95% * Due to a change in technology in recent years, the results for primary lithium should be interpreted with care

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.9 AVERAGE USAGE AND HOARDING TERM OF PACKS Significant difference between Tools (shortest lifecycle) Computers (longest lifecycle) Cameras and Mobile phones (average lifecycle)

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.10 EVOLUTION OF BATTERY COLLECTION IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING PRODUCTION Average age

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.11 EVOLUTION OF BATTERY COLLECTION IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING PRODUCTION Average age

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.12 WHAT PERCENTAGE OF BATTERIES IS COLLECTED WITHIN THE FIRST 3 YEARS? Chemical familyAt most …%* alkaline29,01% zinc24,21% primary lithium**45,41% nickel cadmium34,68% nickel metalhydride batteries47,37% lead12,92% lithium rechargeable19,16% * Confidence level = 95% ** Due to a change in technology in recent years, the results for primary lithium should be interpreted with care

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.13 HOW LONG UNTIL 80% OF THE BATTERIES HAVE BEEN DISCARDED? Chemical familyAt least … years * alkaline8 years zinc9 years primary lithium**9 years nickel cadmium>15 years nickel metalhydride batteries7 years lead7 years lithium rechargeable10 years * Confidence level = 95% ** Due to a change in technology in recent years, the results for primary lithium should be interpreted with care

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.14 IMPACT OF LIFECYCLE ON COLLECTION PERFORMANCE - STABLE POM The EU target and the ‘life cycle target’ are very similar

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.15 IMPACT OF LIFECYCLE ON COLLECTION PERFORMANCE - INCREASING POM The EU target is higher than the ‘life cycle target’, even higher than the weight available for collection!  Low collection performance

Business Consulting. Grondig Anders.16 CONCLUSION Stable put on market EU target and ‘lifecycle target’ yield similar results Decreasing put on market EU target is lower than the ‘lifecycle target’ Decreasing importance of these chemical families in the overall collection performance Increasing put on market EU target is higher than the ‘lifecycle target’ If the weight put on market increases very fast or if the lifecycle is very long, the weight available for collection falls below the EU target Increasing importance of these product families in the overall collection performance