Dissertation Proposal Title: A study of performance and effort expectancy factors among generational and gender groups to predict enterprise social software technology acceptance Presented by: Sunil Patel

Background / Need for the Study / Purpose of the Study  Background: Social software usage in non-business contexts has risen significantly in the last decade  Web 2.0 software technology gives rise to Enterprise Social Software (ESS)  Companies across industries are increasingly investigating ESS – for usage in the context of business – to support business objectives such as enhancing employee productivity  Need for the study: Technology adoption (acceptance) is a critical success factor to successful IT delivery  Ample research literature exists on general technology acceptance, but little exists on IT managers’ perceptions of ESS technology acceptance  Age and gender have shown differing patterns on technology acceptance  Purpose of the study: Examine IT managers’ perceptions of ESS usefulness (PU), ease of use (PEOU), and behavioral intention (BI) to use ESS to determine if differences exist between the managers’, generations or gender types; or if relationships exist with age, gender 2 Pg. 1-11

1.IT Acceptance Factors: Is there a relationship between variables of IT managers' behavioral intention to use ESS, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use? Is there a moderating variable? 2.Age: Is there a relationship or difference between IT managers' age and generational groups and the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention to use ESS? 3.Gender: Is there a relationship or difference between IT managers' gender and the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention to use ESS? 4.All variables: Is there a relationship or difference between IT managers' behavioral intention to use ESS and the variables of age, generation, gender, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use? Research Questions 3 Pg Link: Detailed Hypotheses

 IT Acceptance Factors: Perceived usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Behavioral Intention (BI) to use ESS  Studies indicate individuals are more apt to use technology to the extent it will (a) increase performance through usefulness and (b) decrease effort required through ease of use  Technology acceptance factors in the context of IT / social software  Social software: Lane & Coleman, 2011; Wattal, Racherla & Mandviwalla, 2009  General IT and voluntariness: Brown, Massey, Montoya-Weiss & Burkman, 2002  IT and productivity enhancement: Lehr & Lichtenberg, 1999  Age and Generational Groups / Technology Acceptance  Aging workforce as a business dynamic  Studies indicate differing IT acceptance patterns among generational groups  Generational cohort-groups theorized to have differing patterns of identifying traits (Strauss & Howe, 1994)  Online communities and ubiquitous technologies (Chung et al., 2010)  Other studies supporting age as moderating factor in IT acceptance decisions (Morris & Venkatesh, 2000; Morris, Venkatesh & Ackerman, 2005) Literature Review Pg Link: Theoretical Model Link: Variables / Analyses

 Gender Types / Technology Acceptance  One of the first studies on the influence of gender on IT acceptance factors performed just over 14 years ago  Research supports gender differences with general technology acceptance although little empirical data exists in context of enterprise social software  Gender differences on acceptance of technology (Gefen & Straub, 1997)  Differing salience to technology usage and ease of use between gender types (Minton & Schneider, 1980; Morris, Venkatesh & Ackerman, 2005; Venkatesh & Morris, 2000; Wattal, Racherla & Mandviwalla, 2009) Literature Review, cont. Pg Link: Theoretical Model Link: Variables / Analyses

 Correlation-research design  IT managers in the U.S. are in scope for this study  Population consists of over 288,000 IT Managers (U.S. BLS, 2010)  Sample size of 384 necessary based on alpha set to.05 and power set to.80  Instrumentation  Perceived Usefulness & Ease of Use scale (Adapted from Venkatesh & Davis, 1996)  Item grouping and analysis did not indicate artificial inflation or deflation of reliability / validity (Davis, Bagozzi & Warshaw, 1989; Davis & Venkatesh, 1996)  Validity and reliability are consistent through numerous replication studies  Adams, Nelson & Todd 1992; Davis, Bagozzi & Warshaw, 1989; Hendrickson, Massey & Cronan 1993; Igbaria & Iivari, 1995; Segars & Grover 1993; Subramanian, 1994; Szajna, 1994  Reliability: Cronbach’s alpha remained at over.90 in above listed studies  Validity: High discriminant / factorial validity as measured by correlation coefficient (r) Methodology Pg Link: Theoretical Model Link: Variables / Analyses

 Data Collection Procedures  Online panel research survey firm to collect data (e.g. ResearchNow, Qualtrics)  Recruitment sent to panel participants meeting the criteria specified for study’s population (i.e. IT managers in U.S.)  Survey open 45 days or until minimum number of valid responses received  Data Analysis  Independent and Dependent Variables List (Reference Table 4, p. 34)  Run data for descriptive, inferential, and multivariate analyses  Tests of statistical significance (significant at p <.05)  Pearson’s r (Ho1a, Ho1b, Ho2a, Ho3a, Ho4a)  Wilk’s Lambda for MANOVAs (Ho2b, Ho3b, Ho4b) Methodology, cont. Pg Link: Theoretical Model Link: Variables / Analyses Link: Detailed Hypotheses

 Human Subjects Approval Status  IRB Approval granted on April 19, 2012 (No )  Next Steps  Proceed with online panel research survey firm to publish informed consent notice and instrument items  Collect data, complete Chapters 4 and 5  Review, schedule dissertation defense (July)  Seek publication  Option 1: Performance Improvement Quarterly (PIQ)  Option 2: Human Resource Development Quarterly (HRDQ) Status and Next Steps 8

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Theoretical Framework Pg Link: Literature Review Link: Methodology Link: Variables / Analyses

Hypotheses Analysis and Variable Types Pg Link: Literature Review Link: Methodology Link: Theoretical Model

Pg Hypotheses Analysis and Variable Types, cont. Link: Literature Review Link: Methodology Link: Theoretical Model

Pg Hypotheses Analysis and Variable Types, cont. Link: Literature Review Link: Methodology Link: Theoretical Model

1.Is there a relationship between variables of IT managers' behavioral intention to use ESS technology, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use?  Ho1a: There is no statistically significant relationship between IT managers' perceived behavioral intention to use ESS technology and variables of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.  Ho1b: IT managers' perceived ease of use is not positively related to perceived usefulness. 2.Is there a relationship or difference between IT managers' age and generational groups and the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention to use ESS technology?  Ho2a: There is no statistically significant relationship between IT managers' behavioral intention to use ESS technology and the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and age.  Ho2b: There is no statistically significant difference between IT managers' generational groups and the variables of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intention to use ESS technology. Research Questions and Hypotheses 14 Pg Link: Research Questions Link: Methodology Link: Theoretical Model

3.Is there a relationship or difference between IT managers' gender and the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention to use ESS technology?  Ho3a: There is no statistically significant relationship between IT managers' behavioral intention to use ESS technology and the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and gender.  Ho3b: There is no statistically significant difference between IT managers' gender and the variables of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intention to use ESS technology. 4.Is there a relationship or difference between IT managers' behavioral intention to use ESS technology and the variables of age, gender, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use?  Ho4a: There is no statistically significant relationship between IT managers' behavioral intention to use ESS technology and the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, age, and gender.  Ho4b: There is no statistically significant difference between IT managers' generational groups and gender types and the variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention to use ESS technology. Research Questions and Hypotheses, cont. 15 Pg. 12 Link: Literature Review Link: Methodology Link: Theoretical Model