Industrial Revolution In England

Long Range Causes  Agricultural Revolution  Population Increase  Strong stable governments

Immediate Causes  New Inventions  Large pool of workers  New Sources of Energy: Coal & Steam

 Access to raw materials & investment capital  Existence of Markets  Laissez-faire economy

Agricultural Revolution  Enclosure movement

Jethro Tull  Seed Drill

Charles Turnip Townshend Crop rotation

Inventions

Spinning Jenny  James Hargreaves

Flying Shuttle  John Kay  Moved more quickly across loom  Wider fabric more quickly

Power Loom  Edmund Cartwright  Ran on horse, water, steam

Cotton Gin  Eli Whitney  Cleaned cotton faster  Increase demand raw cotton

Steam Engine  James Watt  Power factories  Run continuously away from water

Coal Mining

Railroad  Richard Trevithick  Locomotive that ran on rails  National and global trade network

Internal-combustion Engine  Gottlieb Daimler  Gas powered boats & other vehicles  New forms of transportation— car & airplane

Telephone  Alexander Graham Bell  Electrical wires transmit voices over long distances  Instant communication

Lightbulb  Thomas Edison  Electric light  Bright, inexpensive, safe lighting

Immediate Effects  Rise of Factories  New Methods of Production  Changes in Transportation & Communication

 Urbanization: Rapid growth of cities

 Rise of Urban Working Class  Use of child labor

Long Range Effects  Growth of Labor Unions  Increased Pollution

 Inexpensive new products  Rise of Big Business  Expansion of Middle Class  Competition for World Trade

 Growth of Democracy  Rise of Socialism

 Realism in Literature & Art Charles Dickens Victor Hugo Leo Tolstoy