Int 2 Unit 3 Mid-unit revision quiz Nutrition – 15 questions Osmoregulation – 15 questions

Question 1 Name the food group that consists of starch and sugars.

Question 2 What are the building blocks of proteins?

Question 3 What are the two building blocks of fats?

Question 4 A biscuit contains 2.5g of fat, 9.5 grams of sugar and 28g of starch. What % of the biscuit is fat?

Question 5 A cake contains 2.5g of fat, 12.5 grams of sugar and 25g of starch. What is the simple whole number ration of fat to sugar to starch?

Question 6 a) Name two places in the body where amylase is produced. (Be specific!) b) What is the substrate of amylase?

Question 7 What name is given to the muscular movements which push food down the oesophagus?

Question 8 a) Name three substances produced by the gastric glands in the wall of the stomach. b) Which of these three substances activates the enzyme?

Question 9 What is the final end product of digestion of starch?

Question 10 a) In which organ is bile produced? b) In which organ is it stored? c) What is its function in digestion?

Question 11 Why must food be digested before it is absorbed into the blood?

Question 12 Give three features of a villus which make it well suited for absorption of digested food.

Question 13 What is the main function of the large intestine?

Question 14 What happens to excess glucose not needed immediately for respiration?

Question 15 a) What happens to excess amino acids not needed for growth and repair? b) What name is given to this process? c) Where does this occur?

Question 16 Name the blood vessel which takes blood into the kidney.

Question 17 Name the tube that carries urine to the bladder.

Question 18 Name the two main processes which occur in the kidney nephron.

Question 19 Which part of a nephron a) collects filtrate from the glomerulus b) is where water and salts are reabsorbed back into the blood

Question 20 a) Name a substance which is filtered out of the blood but which is all reabsorbed again. b) Name a substance which is too large to be filtered out.

Question 21 Name the three main substances normally found in urine.

Question 22 A sample of filtrate contains 3 grams of salt. After reabsorption of some salts, this drops to 1.8 grams. What is the % decrease in salt?

Question 23 Where exactly in the body are the osmoreceptors found?

Question 24 What effect does a shortage of water in the blood have on a) the production of ADH? b) the permeability of the kidney tubules? c) the volume of urine produced? d) the concentration of urine produced?

Question 25 a) What osmotic problem is encountered by fish living in fresh water? b) Describe the urine produced by these fish.

Question 26 Why do marine fish drink sea water?

Question 27 What word is used to describe saltwater because it has a lower water concentration than the fish?

Question 28 Compare the glomeruli of freshwater and saltwater fish.

Question 29 State three ways the body gains water.

Question 30 State four ways the body loses water every day.

Answers 1. Carbohydrates 2. Amino acids 3. Fatty acids and glycerol (2) % 5. 1 : 5 : a) salivary glands and pancreas b) starch (2) 7. Peristalsis 8. a) pepsin, acid, mucus b) acid (4) 9. Glucose (not maltose) 10. a) liver b) gall bladder c) emulsifies fats (3) 11. Large insoluble molecules must be broken down to small soluble ones 12. Large surface area, thin lining, good blood supply/lacteal present (3) 13. Reabsorb water 14. Stored as glycogen 15. a) broken down to carbohydrate b) deamination c) liver (3)

Answers 16. renal artery 17. Ureter 18. Filtration and reabsorption (2) 19. a) Bowman’s capsule b) tubule (2) 20. a) glucose b) protein / blood cells (2) 21. water, salts, urea (3) % 23. Hypothalamus 24. a) increases b) increases c) decreases d) increases (4) 25. a) gain water by osmosis b) high volume of dilute urine (2) 26. To replace water lost by osmosis 27. Hypertonic 28. Freshwater – large / many saltwater – few / small (2) 29. Food, drink, chemical reactions (3) 30. Sweat, urine, faeces, breathing (4) TOTAL 56