METABOLIC SYNDROME From PubMed Health A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia, Atlanta, GA 2011

Metabolic Syndrome Also known as: – Insulin Resistance Syndrome – Syndrome X A name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk for CAD, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

Causes, Incidence, Risk Factors Researchers are not sure whether the syndrome is due to one single cause All of the risk for the syndrome are related to obesity

Causes, Incidence, Risk Factors 2 most important risk factors are: – 1. Extra weight around the middle and upper parts of the body (central obesity) The body may described as “apple-shaped” – 2. Insulin resistance. The body uses insulin less effectively than normal. As a result, the blood sugar and fat levels rise.

Causes, Incidence, Risk Factors Other risk factors: – Aging – Genes – Hormone changes – Lack of exercise

Causes, Incidence, Risk Factors 2 other problems that can either cause the condition or make it worse: – Excess blood clotting – Increased levels of blood substances that are a sign of inflammation throughout the body

Clinical Manifestations BP =/> 130/85 mm/Hg FBS =/> 100 mg./dL Large waist circumference: – Men: 40+ inches – Women: 35+ inches Low HDL cholesterol: – Men: < 40 mg/dL – Women: <50 mg/dL Triglycerides =/> 150 mg/dL

Treatment GOAL: reduce YOUR risk of heart disease and diabetes – Lifestyle changes Lose weight (7-10% of your current weight. Eat 500 – 1000 fewer calories per day) 30 min moderate intensity exercise 5- 7days/week Stop smoking – Medication – for cholesterol, BP control Some people benefit from low-dose daily ASA

Prognosis People with metabolic syndrome have an increased long-term risk for: – Developing heart disease – Type 2 diabetes – Stroke – Kidney disease – Poor blood supply to the legs