“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma S ubaru Instruments, Science, & Future Masanori Iye (National Astron. Obs.) 1990(Site for Subaru),1995(GTC review),1997(Obs WHT), ） Subaru Intrument Suite - Parameter space coverage, - Operational Aids 2 ） Science Achievements - Probing the cosmic dawn – - Study on GRB – Hypernovae connection 3 ） LGSAO and Wide field instruments - Subaru’s future in the ELT era

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Subaru Telescope History ・ Design Study : ・ Construction : ・ Engineering FL : Jan.1999 ・ Open operation : Dec Cost ･ ~300MEuro for construction, ~20MEuro/yr Science (last five years) ・ proposal award rate 1/3 => 80 refereed papers/yr

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Subaru Telescope image size statistics FWHM size distribution すばる 岡 山 Best image w/o AO ▼ 0.“65 Median Okayama 2.“2 Kiso 2.”7 1 arcsec = 5 μrad λ ／ D=0.06 arcsec Miyashita et al. Best image ～ 0”2 （ K 、 R ） Median seeing ～ 0”6 (R)

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Instrument Phase Space (2009) Wavelength Wavelength resolution

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Operational Aids  8 instruments at 4 foci,  5(7) top units : 4 M2s, Suprime-Cam, (LGSLT, FMOS)  Semi-robotic Exchangers Suprime-Cam, (FMOS) AO188, IRCS, (HiCIAO) FOCAS, MIRCS, CIAO, COMICS HDS M2 (Opt-Cs, Opt-Ns, IR-Ns, IR tip-tilt) Many massive components to exchange!

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Cassegrain Instrment Exchanger

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Top Unit Exchanger System show Exchange_topunit_256.wmv

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma 2. Science Achievements  1) High redshift galaxies Narrow-band imaging to survey for Lyman Alpha Emitters  2) Hypernova – GRB connection Spectrophotometry of core-collapse SNe

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma ４ m telescopes redshift ８ m telescope CCD World record of the most distant galaxies IOK-1 （ Iye et al. Nature 2006) Redshift

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma The most distant galaxy 12.8 Gyr ago (z=6.964). Iye et al. 2006, Nature, 443, / 41,533

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Guinness record (for 1052 days ） ＊ New record will arrive at 95% confidence level at earliest in 27 days and at latest in , 2009

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Cosmic Dawn LAEs are decreasing in number from z=5.7, z=6.6, to z=7.0 ＝＞ Due to intergalactic absorption fo Lyman α photons by neutral hydrogen. End of re- inoization Beginning of reionization

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Connection of GRB and Hypernovae  SN 2002ap No GRB Hypernova Polarized SED shows high velocity Asymmetric Explosion jet GRB Jet SN 2003dh/ GRB SN 2002ap Polarized Scattered Light  SN 2003dh/GRB Jet along the l-o-s. Hypernova epoch back- dating coincided with GRB event No polarization Jet visible only from its direction Kawabata, Mazzali,…. Polarimetric Spectroscopy

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Mazzali et al.(2005) in May26 Science issue core collapse SN emission line profile Fe-rich jet O-rich doughnut

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Adaptive Optics and Subaru’s future

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma 188 element AO: first NGSAO image θ1 Ori C With 188 NGSAO (2006) Orion Trapezium IR image Without AO (1999) 6M$ LGSAO improved the image quality of 400M$ telescope by 10 times.

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Subaru LGSAO system

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Sum-frequency laser 13.5W(1064)+5.0W(1319)=>PPMgO:SLT=> 6.4W(NaD2)

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Laser Guide Star Generation Demonstration (Oct )

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma LGSAO 2nd light movie  LGSAO-video : replay from 08:20

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma

Wide Field Instruments

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Hyper Suprime Cam (HSC) : 1.5d FOV

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma FMOS : 400 fibers in NIR

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma WFMOS: 4000 fibers, optical ASPEN intiative Wide field multi fiber spectrograph for cosmology and Galactic archeology. (BAO, Dark energy,..) Gemini borad cancellation of WFMOS funding NAOJ fund raising effort for HFMOS …

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Subaru Synergy with TMT ・ TMT chose MK. ・ Subaru is prepared to strengthen its wide field survey capability with HSC (+HFMOS?) for the ELT era. ・ Time sharing among 8m class telescopes to be arranged.

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Filters to search for Lyman αEmitters NBF1006 Looks black as it transmits only IR light OH night sky lines Dark Windows Wavelength Airglow intensity Transmission Old CCD New CCD X4 i-band X4 z-band

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Evolution of UV and Lyα Luminosity functions of LAEs form z=5.7 to z=6.6 Kashikawa et al. ApJ 648,7, 2006 UV continuum LF at 1255A Lyman α LF Decrease in bright LAE number density implies galaxy evolution or increase in IGM opacity (Kashikawa plot) ◆ SDF z=7.0

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma ● Earth （ 4.6Gyr) 13.7Gyr ● Human being （ 1 Myr) 1.0Gyr 0.8Gyr Age of the Universe 0.38Myr Dark age First Stars? Recombination Big bang 13.7Gyr T gas T photon 9.1Gyr Reionization Most distant galaxy IOK-1 0.3Gyr

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma SN2002ap (Kawabata et al.2002) Redshifted (0.23c) polarized SED Interpretation scattering from 0.11c jets receiving redshifted photons from the central source

“Subaru instruments, science, & future”, M. Iye (NAOJ), La Palma Subaru 188 LGS Adaptive Optics System Spectral Coverage : 1-5μm for compensation Wavefront Sensor : WF Curvature 188 photon-counting APDs Defromable Mirror: Bimorph Mirror 188 control electrodes Beam Diameter : 90mm Focal Length : 720mm, F/12.4 Field of View : 2 arcmin Control Bandwidth: > 100Hz, 2000 corrections/sec Laser Guide Star : ~11 mag