Marine Vertebrate Zoology Vertebrate Ancestry How did it all begin?

Vertebrate Ancestry 2 Invertebrate Origin  A great division in the invertebrate world occurred creating two distinct evolutionary lines: Early Invertebrate First Branch - Annelids - Molluscs - Arthropods Second Branch - Bryozoans - Brachiopods - Echinoderms - Chordates (hydra? sea anenome?)

Vertebrate Ancestry 3 Invertebrate Origin Deutrostome Protostome

Vertebrate Ancestry 4

5 Chordates  Characteristics of all chordates: 1.Notochord 2.Hollow nerve cord 3.Pharyngeal gill slits 4.Post anal tail

Vertebrate Ancestry 6 Phylum Chordata  Subphylum Hemichordata Acorn worms  Subphylum Urochordata Tunicates  Subphylum Cephalochordata Amphioxus (Lancelets)  Subphylum Vertebrata Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Vertebrate Ancestry 7 Geological Record  Our understanding of taxonomy and systematics and the appearance of life on earth is based upon fossil remains.  To grasp the magnitude of the geological record it is divided into Eras, which are divided into periods, and divided further into epochs Paleozoic million years Mesozoic million years Cenozoic 65 million years - to the present

Vertebrate Family Tree **

Amphibians

Reptiles & Birds

Mammals