Mrs. Aguirre A Chapter 2

Classification When you are looking for peaches at the market, you know exactly where to go.

Scientists need to do the same thing (organize) with living things so they’re easy to find. This process of grouping things together is called classification

Scientists classify for many reasons. When scientists discover a new living thing, classification can show how the new living thing relates to others All living things can be classified into one of five kingdoms

A kingdom is the largest group into which living things could be classified. Every member of a kingdom has some characteristics that are the same as those of other members. For example, bacteria are monerans. Every moneran has only one cell, and the cell has no nucleus.

Most members of the protist kingdom also have one cell. However, each cell does have a nucleus.

Fungi is a third kingdom- Most are many celled. Have nuclei They look like plants, but can’t make their own food like plants.

Plants and animals make up the other two. Every day you see members of these two.

Forming Smaller Groups Scientists studied living things in each kingdom to see how they are alike and how they are different. They used characteristics to make smaller and smaller groups.

7 Major Levels of Classification Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. The two main kingdoms we think about are plants and animals. Scientists also list four other kingdoms including bacteria, archaebacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Classification for Humans Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Homo sapiens

Ways to Remember Biological Classification A good way to remember lists is to make up a sentence using the first letters in a list. Here are some sentences: Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Green Spinach. Koalas Prefer Chocolate Or Fruit, Generally Speaking King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti Keeping Precious Creatures Organized For Grumpy Scientists

The end of Lesson 1 Now let’s read!

Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Animal Classification What are some of the things we know about animals? Made up of many cells Can’t make their own food Need to eat other living things to survive

Backbones or not? Vertebrates Vertebrates are divided into smaller groups Mammals Reptiles Amphibians invertebrates Anthropods Mollusks This is another way scientists divide animals

Vertebrates- backbones Mammals- have hair and produce milk for their young Reptiles have dry scaly skin Lizards, snakes, and turtles Amphibians- moist skin and no scales

Invertebrates- no backones Anthropods- with legs that have several joints Often have shells to protect them Insects make up the largest group Beetles, bees Spiders are not insect Mites, crabs and scorpians have 8 legs

Mollusks May or may not have a shells Snails, clams and squids Earthworms, tapeworms and flatworms belong to a different group of invertebrates

Anmials not all have a backbone almost all have a skeleton and muscles Most invertebrates have a skeleton that is made up to something similar to human fingernails that muscles attach to

Chapter 2 Lesson 3

Plant Classification What do we know about plants? All are members of the plant kingdom Plants have many cells and their cells have nuclei Plants do not need to eat other living things to survive They make their own food

Tubes or no tubes? Tubes- Vascular Tubes found in roots, stems, or leaves No tubes- Non- Vascular Moss

Water and nutrients enter through the roots Tubes in the roots then carry this mixture to the stems. Tubes in the stems carry this mixture to the leaves

There are other tubes that go from the leaves to the roots

Trees are another type of vascular plant The stems of trees contain cells that are very woody or hard The largest woody stem is called the trunk

The center of the trunk is made of hard, dead tubes called heartwood. Around the heartwood is a ring of sapwood The living tubes that carry water and food are in the sapwood

The outside layer is the bark. This is made of dead cells that protect the living sapwood layer.

Any plant that has flowers or cones is vascular.