Strategies of Life Chapter 20 Great Idea: Living things use many different strategies to deal with the problems of acquiring and using matter and energy

Chapter Outline The Organization of Living Things What is Life Classifying Living Things Survival: A New Look at the Life Around You Strategies of Fungi Strategies of Plants Strategies of Animals

The Organization of Living Things

Ways of Thinking About Living Things Levels –Biosphere –Ecosystem –Community –Population –Organism –Anatomy & physiology –Cellular –Molecular All levels complement each other

What Is Life?

The Characteristics of Life High degree of order and complexity Part of larger systems of matter and energy Life depends on chemical reactions in cells Life requires liquid water Organisms grow and develop Regulate energy use Share same genetic code, code is heritable All living things are descended from a common ancestor

Classifying Living Things

Cataloging Life Linnaean classification –Shared characteristics Hierarchy –Kingdom –Phylum –Class –Order –Family –Genus –Species Binomial nomenclature

Classifying Life cont. Kingdoms –Monera –Protista –Fungi –Plants –Animals

Classifying Human Beings Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Chordates –Subphylum: vertebrates Class: Mammals Order: Primates Family: Hominid Genus: Homo Species: sapien

Implications of Linnaean Classification Use of DNA Similarity depends on time and change Classification results from real events

Survival: A New Look at the Life Around You

Autotrophs Heterotrophs Dealing with complexity Two basic tasks –Obtain and distribute molecules for energy –Reproduce

Strategies of Fungi

Growth –Filaments –Decomposers Structure –Mass of filaments Reproduction –Break filaments –Asexual reproduction spores Lichens –Two interdependent species

Strategies of Plants

The Simplest Plants Phylum: Bryophytes Structure –No roots –Photosynthetic Reproduction –Sexual –Asexual

Vascular Plants Phylum: vascular plants Structure –Roots, stems, leaves –Control water loss Reproduction –Seedless –Gymnosperms –Angiosperms Sexual and asexual

Angiosperm

Strategies of Animals

Invertebrates –No backbone –Most diverse animals Arthropods –70% of known animal species Structure –exoskeleton

Vertebrates Organization –Ocean to terrestrial Evolution –Earliest fish –Bony Fish –Amphibians –Reptiles –Birds –Mammals