PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART D 3 Cells and Tissues

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue  Found everywhere in the body  Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues  Functions  Binds body tissues together  Supports the body  Provides protection

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Extracellular Matrix  Two main elements  Matrix of proteins  Fibers  Three types  Collagen (white) fibers  Elastic (yellow) fibers  Reticular fibers

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types  Bone (Osseous tissue)  Composed of  Bone cells, in concentric circles  Hard matrix of calcium salts  Used to protect and support the body  Place for muscle to attach  Location: bony skeleton

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types  Hyaline cartilage  Most common type of cartilage  Composed of  Abundant collagen fibers  Rubbery matrix, appears glassy & smooth  Locations: Fetal skeleton prior to birth, end of bones, Larynx, rib attachment

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types  Elastic cartilage  Provides elasticity  Location: Supports the external ear, nose  Fibrocartilage  Highly compressible  Location: Forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19c

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types  Dense connective tissue (dense fibrous tissue)  Matrix: collagen fiber, great strength  Locations  Tendons—attach skeletal muscle to bone  Ligaments—attach bone to bone at joints  Dermis—lower layers of the skin

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19d

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types  Loose connective tissue types ( Areolar tissue)  Most widely distributed connective tissue  Functions as a packing tissue  Soft jelly like matrix  Can soak up excess fluid (causes edema)

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19e

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types  Adipose tissue  Matrix is: fat globules, large lipid deposits  Functions: Insulates the body, Protects some organs Fuel storage

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19f

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types  Reticular connective tissue  Delicate network of interwoven fibers  Fights infections & microorganisms  Found:  Lymph nodes  Spleen  Bone marrow

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19g

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types  Blood (vascular tissue)  Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma  Fibers are visible during clotting  Functions as the transport vehicle for materials

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Connective Tissue Types Figure 3.19h

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue  Function is to produce movement  Three types  Skeletal muscle  Cardiac muscle  Smooth muscle

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue Types  Skeletal muscle  Contracts to pull on bones or skin  Produces body movements or facial expressions  Characteristics of skeletal muscle cells:  Striated, Voluntary  Long, cylindrical

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue Types Figure 3.20a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue Types  Cardiac muscle  Found only in the heart  Function is to pump blood  Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells  Striated, Involuntary  One nucleus per cell

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue Types Figure 3.20b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue Types  Smooth muscle  Under involuntary muscle  Found in walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, and blood vessels  Characteristics of smooth muscle cells  No visible striations  Spindle-shaped cells

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Muscle Tissue Types Figure 3.20c

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous Tissue  Composed of neurons and nerve support cells  Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body  Irritability, Conductivity