Water Use and Management Chapter 11, Section 2

Global Water Use Three types of major uses of water –1. Residential use –2. Industrial use –3. Agricultural use Availability of fresh water and population size affect how water is used

1. Residential Water Use Varies across the world

Water Treatment Most water must be treated to make it potable: safe to drink Water treatment removes –poisonous elements –Pathogens: bacteria and viruses

Reservoir – Cherokee Lake 1. Filtration – Large organisms and trash out 2. Coagulation – Sticky globs called flocs created. Bacteria cling to the flocs. 3. Sedimentation – Flocs settle on the bottom 4. Filtration – Traps particles left in water 5. Chlorination – Chlorine added to prevent bacteria growth 6. Aeration – air is released to remove unwanted gases to improve taste and odor.

Water Treatment 1. Filtration 2. Coagulation 3. Sedimentation 4. Filtration 5. Chlorination 6. Aeration

2. Industrial Water Use 19% of water used in the world. Functions: –Manufacture goods (cooling) –Dispose of waste –Generate power Ex: nearly 500,000 Liters are needed to make a car !!

Agricultural Water Use 67% of water used in world Water can be supplied by irrigation –Artificial method of providing extra water

Different types of Irrigation Surface irrigation: shallow, water filled ditches High – pressure sprinklers: –used in farming –Almost ½ evaporates!!

How much water do you use?????

1. Water Management Projects surface water is not distributed equally –East U.S. receives more rainfall than west Water Management projects - meet needs of dry areas –A. Dams –B. Water diversion canals

A. Dams Dam: structure built across a river to control river’s flow –Reservoir artificial lake behind dam –generate electricity

Consequences of dams Land behind the dam can be flooded Builds sedimentation: –reservoir becomes too shallow Can burst and lead flooding

B. Water Diversion Part of a river that is diverted into canals (Don’t write ↓) Colorado River is diverted to supply 7 western states. So much is diverted it often runs dry

2. Water Conservation: What are Some Ways You can Conserve Water????

Ways to Save Only use dishwasher or washing machine when full Don’t pre-rinse dishes before loading – you’ll save 20 gallons! Turn off the faucet when you brush your teeth – 2-3 gallons per minute Take short showers…. Turn the water off while you shampoo and condition your hair and you can save 50 gallons a week.

Water lawns early in the morning when the temperature is lowest. (reduce evaporation) Take your car to the car wash. Washing by hand uses more water. Low flow shower head.

3. Solutions for the Future As populations grow, other sources of freshwater are needed Two possible solutions: –A. Desalination –B. Transporting water

a. Desalination Process of removing salt from water Used in dry areas (deserts) Problem: consumes a lot of energy; very expensive!

b. Transporting Water Water is transported Methods include: –Canals and pipelines –Tank trucks –Ships (Don’t write ↓) U.S. is considering towing icebergs to the states from Antarctica, but no efficient way has been discovered.

What is the purpose of adding chlorine during water treatment? A. filter and remove large debris B. form flocs bacteria will cling to C. kill bacteria and prevent future bacteria growth D. remove unwanted gases.

During water treatment, what comes after coagulation? A. sedimentation B. filtration C. aeration D. chlorination

How is fresh water used in industry? A. in manufacturing B. disposal of waste C. generate power D. all of the above

Desert areas are livable due to? A. rainfall pattern change B. water management projects C. Icebergs towed in D. Water conservation

___________ Bacteria and viruses

___________ Removal of salt from water

_______________ Lake created behind a dam.