22/03/2006Bernard Blandin1 Standards for e-learning An overview: definitions, genealogy, existing standards and standards in progress

Bernard Blandin222/03/2006 A standard is… "a document, established by consensus, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context" (ISO/IEC Guide 2, 2004)

Bernard Blandin322/03/2006 “prescriptive strength” Types of standards Reference documents  Standards  International (ISO, IEC, IEEE, ITU)  European (EN)  National (AFNOR, BSI, DIN, ANSI…)  Recommendations  W3C  AICC ……  Charters  Code of Practice  Quality charters …… Conformance evaluation  Third Party Evaluation  Accreditation (Technical competency)  Certification (Conformance to a Standard, to criteria…)  Self-evaluation  Commitment to a COP, to a charter  Commitment to a Quality approach ……

Bernard Blandin422/03/2006 Creation of a standard Specifications, tests, then creation of a standard by a community The market imposes the standard The standard is proposed to a National Body The standard is proposed to CEN The standard is proposed to ISO “De Facto” Standard National Standard European Standard ISO Standard

Bernard Blandin522/03/2006 The world of standards Consensus Common Principle IS FDIS CD WD NP Progression of the document SC CT ISO Actors Situations Resolutions Ballot Resolution Meeting Disposition of Comments Ballot Working Groups Chair Convener Editor

Bernard Blandin622/03/2006 Who creates specifications in e-learning?  Professional Associations  Ex: IEEE (« Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers »)IEEE  Companies Consortia  Ex: AICC (« Aviation Industry CBT Committee »)AICC  Collaborative projects Consortia  Ex: IMS (Educause – USA)IMS  Ex: ADL-SCORM (Advanced Distributed Learning – USA)ADL-SCORM  Ex: ARIADNE (European project)ARIADNE

Bernard Blandin722/03/2006 Genealogy of e-learning standards AICC IMSSCORM DCMI ARIADNE MERLOT CAN-CORE IEEE - LTSC Proprietary solutions CEN - ISSS EU Mandate ISO JTC1SC36

22/03/2006Bernard Blandin8 E-Learning standards Standards and Recommendations (DCMI, LOM, AICC, SCORM, IMS-LD)

Bernard Blandin922/03/2006 What is the « Dublin Core » ?  Identifier  Title  Language  Description  Subject  Coverage  Type  Date  Creator  OtherContributor  Publisher  Format  Rights  Relation  Source The « Dublin Core Metadata Initiative » (DCMI) proposed the first set of metadata in 1995

Bernard Blandin1022/03/2006 What are the LOM ?  A set of metadata to describe Learning resources adopted in 2002 by IEEE (IEEE )  The LOM are divided into 9 categories  General  Lifecycle  Meta-metadata  Technical  Educational  Rights  Relation  Annotation  Classification

Bernard Blandin1122/03/2006 LOM characteristics  The Dublin Core fields are part of LOM data elements  In principle, LOM should be used as they are, with data elements names and values in English  In practice, there are many LOM National profiles, with the names and values of data elements translated, and often comprising extra elements  National profiles of LOM are incompatible with the original IEEE LOM

Bernard Blandin1222/03/2006 The LOM-Fr heuristic diagram

Bernard Blandin1322/03/2006 What is AICC ?  A set of recommendations and technical reports  The AICC Guidelines and Recommendations (AGR) deal with  Hardware (AGR002), peripheral devices (AGR005)  Platforms Interoperability (AGR006 et AGR010), content exchange (AGR007)  Medias: audio (AGR003) and video (AGR008)  Interfaces: Windows (AGR004) and icons (AGR009)  Technical reports detail recommendations and certification procedures

Bernard Blandin1422/03/2006 AICC Characteristics  The fact that all Recommendations are implemented is not verifiable  Only Recommendations on Interoperability are verifiable and testable  Therefore only AGR006, AGR007, AGR010 can be certified

Bernard Blandin1522/03/2006 What is SCORM ?

Bernard Blandin1622/03/2006 SCORM Characteristics  It is a set of specifications dealing with:  The way to assemble resources  Paths allowed (navigation between resources)  Information interchange between resources and the LMS  SCORM 1.2 and SCORM 2004 are not compatible  Conformance to SCORM, to-day, means SCORM 2004 certification…

Bernard Blandin1722/03/2006 IMS – LD (UML Diagram Level A)

Bernard Blandin1822/03/2006 Example (description)

Bernard Blandin1922/03/2006 Example (activity diagram)

22/03/2006Bernard Blandin20 E-Learning standards The International Standards published and in progress

Bernard Blandin2122/03/2006 Current fields of Standardization Field AICCIMSIEEECEN-ISSSISO / IEC JTC1-SC36 Hardware AGR 2 & 5 Interoperability AGR 6, 7 & 10 CMI-DM ECMA API SIF Medias AGR 3 & 8 Man-Machine Interface AGR 4 & 9 Content Description CP, SS LD LOM RAMLET I-R-L LOMs MLR System Architecture GWSBPLTSALET Env. Collaborative Technologies A2A COM Information on participant LIPPAPILIPLAI Description of Competencies RDCEO E-Portfolio RCD EM-LC (RDCEO) LPI CIPM Accessibility ACCLIPAP-LRIAA Intellectual Property DREL Quality QASQMAM

22/03/2006Bernard Blandin22 ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 Activities (March 2006) SC36/WG1 -- Vocabulary –ISO/IEC , Information Technology Vocabulary -- Part 36: LETApr-2001, 03:CD1, 04:CD2, 05:CD3 –ISO/IEC : ITLET -- Registry -- Part 1: Registry contentFeb-2003, 03:CD1 –ISO/IEC : ITLET -- Registry -- Part 2: Registration authority processFeb-2003, 03:CD1 SC36/WG2 -- Collaborative Technology –ISO/IEC : ITLET -- Collaborative Technology -- Cooperative Workplace Apr-2001, 02:CD1 –ISO/IEC : ITLET -- Collaborative Technology -- A2A Communication Apr-2001, 05:Outline WD1 –ISO/IEC : ITLET -- Collaborative Technology -- L2L Interaction Scheme. Apr-2001, 03:CD1, 05:CD2 SC36/WG3 -- Participant Information –ISO/IEC 24703: Information Technology -- Participant identifiersAug-2001, 01:CD1, 02:FCD, 04:IS –ISO/IEC 19787: ITLET -- Participant performance informationJan-2003, 03: CD1, 04:CD2 –ISO/IEC 24726: ITLET -- Description of performance metricsJan-2003, Oct-2005: withdrawn –ISO/IEC xxxxx: ITLET -- Description of language capabilitiesFeb-2004, Mar-2006: Withdrawn –ISO/IEC xxxxx: ITLET -- Conceptual model for competencies and related termsOct-2005 PDTR SC36/WG4 -- Management and Delivery –ISO/IEC 19783: ITLET -- Management and delivery -- FW DMs and bindingJul-2002, 04:withdrawn –ISO/IEC 19788: ITLET -- Metadata for Learning ResourcesJul-2003, 05:WD1 SC36/WG5 -- Quality Assurance and Descriptive Frameworks –ISO/IEC 19796: ITLET -- Quality Management, Assurance and MetricsJul-2003, 03:CD1, 05:IS (Part 1), 06: CD1(Part 2-3-4) –NP Ballot For: ITLET -- Descriptive framework for LETMar-2000, 04:NP failed, 05:renounced SC36/WG6 -- International Standardized Profiles (ISP) –ISO/IEC 24725: ITLET -- Specification and use of extensions and profiles [TR]Feb-2004, 05:withdrawn –ISO/IEC : ITLET -- Profiles of standards and specifications -- RELMar-2005, 03:PDISP, 05:FPDISP –ISO/IEC x: ITLET -- Framework and Taxonomy of PSSMay-2005, 05:CD1 SC36/WG7 -- Culture/Language/Human-Functioning Activities –ISO/IEC 19786: ITLET -- Participant accommodation informationJan-2003, 04:CD2, 06: CD3 –ISO/IEC 24751: ITLET -- Individualized Adaptability and Accessibility in E-LETFeb-2005, 05:3 WDs for 3 Parts New 

22/03/2006Bernard Blandin23 The actors in ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 in March 2006 SC36 Secretariat: David Hyde BSI/UK (February 2006) SC36 Chair is Bruce People (USA) – 22 Participating Members, 5 Observing Members New WG1 Convener: David Clemis (Canada) –Editors: Jon Mason (Australia) for ISO/IEC and Frank Farance (USA) for ISO/IEC WG2 Convener: Toshio Okamoto (Japan) –Editors: Kiyoshi Hara for ISO/IEC CW, Co-Editors In Sook Lee and Tae In Han (Korea) for ISO/IEC A2A, Co-Editors Akihiko Koga (Japan) and Norm Friesen (Canada) for ISO/IEC CLC New WG3 Convener: Bernard Blandin (France) –Editors: Frank Farance (USA) for ISO/IEC and ISO/IEC 19787, Co-Editors Bernard Blandin (France) and Simone Laughton (Canada) for ISO/IEC New WG4 Convener: Gilles Gauthier (Canada) –Co-Editors: Yolaine Bourda (France) and Shi Yuan Chun (China) for ISO/IEC WG5 Acting Convener: Christian Stracke (Germany) (call for new convener spring 2006) –Co-Editors: Jan Pawlowski (Germany) for all parts of 19796, Tae-In Han (Korea) for , Kenji Hirata (Japan) for , Duk Hoon Kwak (Korea) WG6 Co-Conveners: Yang Zongkai (China) and Prof. Zhu Zhiting (China) –Editors: Li Zheng (China) and Cheng Wenqing (China) for ISO/IEC WG7 Convener: Erlend Overby (Norway) –Editors: Frank Farance (USA) for ISO/IEC 19786, Co-Editors Jutta Treviranus (Canada), Liddy Nevile (Australia) and Andy Heath (UK) for ISO/IEC RG1 Chair: Patrick Towell (UK) SWG Chair: Bruce Peoples (USA)

Bernard Blandin2422/03/2006 Any question ?