What could be the negative effects of new technologies and trends? 1

Chapter 25 The Roaring Twenties IV. A Nation Divided 2

3 A. The Perils of Prosperity In 1929 the average family earned $2, a year. - some could not afford the bare necessities. 1.Industry a.Shorter skirts meant less material needed to be produced. b.Coal miners lost their jobs as oil became a new source of energy. c.Trains lose business to trucking industry.

4 2. Trouble on the Farm a.Farmers were hit the hardest. b.During WWI - Europeans bought products – sending prices up. c.After World War I they stopped. Prices for farm products dropped. The farmers could not pay off their loans after the war so they lost their farms.

5 3. Setbacks for Labor a.Setbacks for Labor – During the war, wages were high. b. Postwar workers wanted higher pay and were denied. Strikes followed. c.Strikes turned the public against labor. d.Judges limited the rights of unions in the courts. e.Company's created company unions or labor organizations that were controlled by the management. Without strong unions, labor had little power to increase wages.company unions

6 During the war Americans were on alert for enemy spies and sabotage (the secret destruction of property or interference with work in factories). These wartime worries led to a growing fear of foreigners. 1.Rise of communism in the Soviet Union increased the fear. Lenin called on workers everywhere to overthrow their governments. Americans saw the strikes as the beginning of a communist revolt. 2.Hunting up Radicals People who oppose organized government, anarchists added to the growing fear. Plot to kill Rockefeller. Many were immigrants which led to an outcry against foreigners.anarchists Our government took action – “Reds” were arrested, jailed and some were deported, or expelled from the country. B. The Red Scare

7 3.Sacco & Vanzetti Trial – a.symbolized the anti-foreign feelings of the 1920’s. Arrested for robbery & murder, admitted to being anarchists but insisted they were not guilty and a jury sentenced them to death. b.Evidence was limited c.Guilty because immigrants & radicals???? – Was it a fair trial? d.Proof the US needs to keep out radicals!

8 C. Limiting Immigration The Red Scare died down but the anger towards foreigners led to a limit on immigration. Anti-foreign feeling is known as nativism. 1.Quota System – allowed only a certain number of people from each country to enter the U.S. Only 3% of the people in any national group already living here in 1920 would be admitted. Favored immigrants from Northern Europe, especially Britain Eastern Europe was seen as the center for anarchism and communism Japanese added to the list denied entry.

9 2.Newcomers from Latin America Latin Americans and Canadians were not included in Quota. Mexicans continued to move to the U.S. farms & factories – 1 million Poor pay & housing. The Jones Act granted citizenship to Puerto Ricans. Poverty on the island led to migration here. 53,000 by 1930 from 1,500 in 1910.

10 D. The Scopes Trial People left small towns and farms for the city Rural areas feared city life threatened values Scopes Trial the clash between old and new values erupted.Scopes Trial Darwin’s Theory of Evolution vs. bible teaching CreationismDarwin’sTheory of Evolution Scopes arrested – convicted /fined Clarence Darrow (scopes) vs. Wm. Jennings Bryan (state) Still on the books?

11 E.The New Klan Fear of change Rebirth of the Klu Klux KlanKlu Klux Klan preserve the United States for white, native-born Protestants. Terror tactics – immigrants, Catholics, Jews and African Americans Lynching, burning crosses, whippings

12 1.Racial Tensions in the North a.Returning soldiers faced segregated south & northern was prejudice b.African Americans moved north for jobs – Chicago, Detroit, NY, Philadelphia i.Areas within cities c.White workers feared jobs would go to African Americans who were paid less d.Race riots break out 2.Marcus Garvey a)Started first black nationalist movement in the U.S. b)Organized Universal Negro Improvement Association c)Unity and pride d)Rely on self to get ahead e)“back to Africa’ movement – seek roots

13 F.Election of 1928 Coolidge chooses not to seek re- election Herbert Hoover – easily winsHerbert Hoover Self made millionaire from midwest Rural Americans, big business, prohibition supporters liked him Hope that he would keep the US prosperous