Cellular Respiration Purpose: Create ATP molecules from Glucose!Purpose: Create ATP molecules from Glucose! Who uses this? ALL LIVING ORGANISMS.Who uses this? ALL LIVING ORGANISMS. Two Types:Two Types: 1. Anaerobic Respiration: occurs in Cytoplasm *organisms do NOT use oxygen! *Inefficient for multicellular organisms. 2.Aerobic Respiration: cytoplasm and mitochondrion *organisms USE oxygen. *Efficient for multicellular organisms

GLYCOLYSIS Glyco: sugar Lysis: dissolvingGlyco: sugar Lysis: dissolving Process that breaks down GLUCOSE to obtain ATP molecules!Process that breaks down GLUCOSE to obtain ATP molecules! Occurs in the CytoplasmOccurs in the Cytoplasm 1 st step in BOTH Aerobic and Anaerobic Respirations.1 st step in BOTH Aerobic and Anaerobic Respirations. NAD is an enzyme that picks up H and electronsNAD is an enzyme that picks up H and electrons

What happens during Glycolysis? 1.2 ATPS are used to break glucose apart. 6 Carbon Glucose molecule is broken into 2 Pyruvic Acids (3 Carbon sugar) are created. 2. Net vs. Gross energy Process Made: 4 ATPS (Gross #) Used: 2 ATPS 4 – 2 = 2 ATPS (Net #)

Products of Glycolysis From the break down of C 6 H 12 O 6 (Glucose):From the break down of C 6 H 12 O 6 (Glucose): 1.2 Pyruvic Acids  moves to the next chemical reaction. (either anaerobic or aerobic respiration) 2.2 ATPs (NET #) 3.NADH (taxi-cab; transports H ions)  moves to the next chemical reaction. (either anaerobic or aerobic respiration) (either anaerobic or aerobic respiration) Oxygen is available Aerobic Respiration occurs NO OXYGEN = Anaerobic Respiration occurs

Anaerobic Respiration Steps:Steps: 1.Glycolysis: 2 ATPs made 2.Fermentation: 0 ATPS made Both steps occur in the CytoplasmBoth steps occur in the Cytoplasm This is why this organelle is the site of many chemical reactions! This is why this organelle is the site of many chemical reactions! Who uses Anaerobic Resp. ? Bacteria, plants, fungus (yeast), and animals ( muscle cells only )

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION 1.Yeast, plants and bacteria use this ATP made; NAD is regenerated 2 Pyruvic Acids + 2 NADH  2 Ethanol (Alcohol) + 2 CO NAD

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Products made from alcoholic fermentation:Products made from alcoholic fermentation: 2 NAD, 2 Ethanol, and 2 CO 22 NAD, 2 Ethanol, and 2 CO 2 Food/Beverage Products made from this process: BreadsBreads BeerBeer WineWine

Lactic Acid Fermentation 1. Fungus, plants, bacteria, and animal muscle cells use this ATP made; NAD is regenerated Step: 2 Pyruvic Acids + 2 NADH  2 Lactic Acid + 2 NAD 2 NAD Lactic acid builds up: In animals causes soreness of muscles. Lactic acid is shipped to liver and converted back into a sugar.Lactic acid builds up: In animals causes soreness of muscles. Lactic acid is shipped to liver and converted back into a sugar.

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Products made from Lactic Acid Fermentation:Products made from Lactic Acid Fermentation: 2 NAD, 2 Lactic Acid2 NAD, 2 Lactic Acid Food Products made from this process: Yogurt Soy sauce Sauerkraut

Review of Anaerobic Respiration Occurs in the cytoplasmOccurs in the cytoplasm Steps:Steps: 1. Glycolysis: 2 ATPs 2. Fermentation: Lactic Acid or Alcoholic: 0 ATPs Alcoholic: 0 ATPs Inefficient: 2 ATPs/Glucose

Aerobic Respiration C 6 H 12 O O 2  6 CO H 2 OC 6 H 12 O O 2  6 CO H 2 O

Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen to make ATP.Requires oxygen to make ATP. Process begins in the cytoplasm and ends in a mitochondrion.Process begins in the cytoplasm and ends in a mitochondrion. Makes 18X more ATP molecules than anaerobic respiration (36 in aerobic and 2 in anaerobic)Makes 18X more ATP molecules than anaerobic respiration (36 in aerobic and 2 in anaerobic)

Structure of a Mitochondrion Structure of a Mitochondrion Inner and outer membranes similar to the cell membraneInner and outer membranes similar to the cell membrane Matrix and CristaeMatrix and Cristae

Steps of Aerobic Respiration Steps of Aerobic Respiration 1. Glycolysis: occurs in the1. Glycolysis: occurs in the CYTOPLASM CYTOPLASM Products: Products: 2 Pyruvic Acids 2 ATP (net #), 2 NADH

Krebs Cycle (Citric Cycle) 2. Krebs cycle Occurs in matrixOccurs in matrix of mitochondrion of mitochondrion Products:Products: 2 ATPs 2 ATPs Diagram in book: p. 227

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Occurs in the cristae of a mitochondrionOccurs in the cristae of a mitochondrion FADH 2 and NADH enter and create:FADH 2 and NADH enter and create: 1.32 ATP 2.H 2 O 3.Carrier molecules (FAD and NAD) return to beginning of the cycle

Aerobic Respiration Products Glycolysis: 2 ATPsGlycolysis: 2 ATPs Krebs: 2 ATPsKrebs: 2 ATPs ETC: 32 ATPsETC: 32 ATPs TOTAL: 36 ATPs/Glucose.TOTAL: 36 ATPs/Glucose. Carbondioxide, Water How does this compare to Anaerobic?How does this compare to Anaerobic?