1) How did the First Occupants get to North America? What continent did they come from? Explain in as much detail as possible

The First Occupants arrived in North America 30,000 years ago on a ‘land bridge’ made out of ice.

2) What was covering North America when the First Occupants arrived? Circle the best answer. a) Grass b) Water c) Ice d) Sand

3) What is the region the Iroquoians lived in? Circle the best answer below. a) The Canadian Shield b) The St. Lawrence Valley c) The Maritimes d) The Appalachian Mountains

4) What is the region the Algonkians lived in? Circle the best answer below. a) The Canadian Shield and The Appalachian Mountains b) The Tundra c) The St. Lawrence Valley d) The Maritimes

5) What is the region the Inuit lived in? Circle the best answer below. a) The Canadian Shield and The Appalachian Mountains b) Northern Canada and the Tundra region c) The St. Lawrence Valley d) The Maritimes

6) What was the way of life of the IROQUOIANS? Circle the best answer below. a) Sedentary b) Nomadic c) Surfers d) Hunters

7) What was the way of life of the ALGONKIANS? Circle the best answer below. a) Sedentary b) Nomadic c) Surfers d) Hunters

8) What was the name of the types of houses the ALGONKIANS used? Circle the best answer below. a) Long House b) Wigwam c) Igloo d) Bungalow

9) What is the name of the building in the picture below? What is it made out of? What was it used for? Explain in as much detail as possible.

The building in this picture is called a Long House. It was used by the Iroquoians as a place to sleep and eat. It was mostly made of tree branches and bark.

10.Name 3 vegetables the IROQUOIS grew to eat. Corn Beans Squash Pumpkin

11) How did the ALGONKIANS get their food? Explain in as much detail as possible.

The Algonkians got food by hunting for animals and birds. They also gathered berries and other plants for food.

12) The Inuit could not grow food for themselves. Why? Explain your answer in as much detail as possible.

The Inuit could not grow food because of PERMAFROST. This means the ground was frozen all year round  can’t grow vegetables with frozen ground.

13) Name 5 types of animals the Inuit would hunt and eat. 1.Seals 2.Caribou 3.Whales 4.Arctic hare 5.Artic char

14) What is the ‘BARTER SYSTEM’? Explain how the First Occupants used the ‘BARTER SYSTEM’? Please answer in complete sentences.

The BARTER SYSTEM is a system of trading. The FO would trade goods to each other in order to get things they needed like food, clothing, etc.

15) Why was trading important to the First Occupants? Circle the BEST answer. a) To get items such as clothing and food that were needed. b) To help make friends between different groups of First Occupants c)To get as much gold as possible d)All of the answers above e) a and b

16) Did the First Occupants have respect for the environment? Why? Explain your answer in COMPLETE SENTENCES.

The FO had respect for the environment because they needed it to survive. This means they needed the environment to give them food, shelter, clothing and transportation.

17. What was the name of the religion/spirituality of the First Occupants? a) Christianity b) Judaism c) Buddhism d) Animism

18. What were the main ideas behind the spirituality of the First Occupants? (HINT: NATURE, SPIRITS). Write your answers in COMPLETE SENTENCES.

The main ideas behind ANIMISM were: – Everything has a spirit and the spirit lived on after death. – Respecting nature because it is important for survival.

19. How did the First Occupants express their spirituality? Use the pictures below to help you answer the question.

The FO expressed their spirituality through art, singing and dancing. The totem pole and stone carving are good examples of how the FO expressed their spirituality.

20) How did the First Occupants PASS ON CULTURE from the young to the old? Use the picture below to help you answer the question. Use complete sentences to answer your question.

The FO passed on culture through story telling. The old would tell stories to the young and they would pass on the stories when they became old.

21) Who were the 2 main spiritual leaders for the First Occupants? Circle the BEST ANSWER below. a. Chiefs and doctors b. Elders and shamans c. Elders and warriors d. Chiefs and warriors

22) Name two important qualities a chief needed to have: – Leadership – Warrior qualities – Generosity

23) Who were the first Europeans to discover North America? What year did they FIRST show up in North America? Where did they land (what is it called now)? Please answer in complete sentences.

The first Europeans to discover North America were the Vikings in the year 981 and then again in they landed in what is now Newfoundland.

24) Why did Europeans want to start exploring by sea (ocean) in the 1400s? Think about silk and gold to help you answer this question. Please answer in complete sentences.

Europeans wanted to start exploring by sea so they could find a route to Asia for trading.

25. On the map below, circle in red WHERE the OTTOMAN EMPIRE blocked the European routes to Asia

1) Which 4 main European countries explored North and South America during the renaissance?

FRANCE ENGLAND SPAIN PORTUGAL

2) What were 3 main reasons for European exploration during the renaissance?

Spread Christianity Explore the world  science Make money by find riches (gold, silver, spice, etc.)

3) What are 3 things the King of France wanted Jacques Cartier to do when he was in North America?

Claim (take) land for France  start a colony Get things that were worth money (gold, silver, spices, etc.) Find a route to Asia

4) What did Jacques Cartier place in the ground when he arrived in North America? What did this object mean?

Jacques Cartier place a CROSS in the ground when he arrived in North America. The cross meant that land was claimed by France.

5) Look at the image below. How does the image relate to a problem Jacques Cartier and his men had when they stay in North America during the winter? Who helped them? How did they help them?

The image show the problem that Jacques Cartier and his men had that is called SCURVY. SCURVY came about when the men lacked VITAMIN C. SCURVY killed some men that were part of Jacques Cartier’s crew. The FO helped the other men by boiling pine needles in water and giving the water to the men. This gave them vitamin C.

6) Were the lives of the First Occupants changed when they met the Europeans? How were the lives of the First Occupants changed? Use the space below to explain. Give at least 4 examples to help you explain your answer? Use the images below to help you.

The Europeans gave the FO guns. This gave the FO new ways of killing each other

The Europeans gave the FO new types of material for clothing  wool and cotton. The FO did not need to use animal furs as much

The Europeans showed the FO how to DOMESTICATE animals. The FO could keep animals close by, they did not need to hunt all the time.

The Europeans showed the FO the idea of ORCHARDS. The FO could now grow large fields of one kind of fruit or vegetables.

7) What is a colony? Was New France a colony? Why or why not? Explain your answer in FULL SENTENCES.

A colony is a part of the world that is claimed and controlled by a country somewhere else in the world. New France was a colony because is was controlled by France.

8) Why did Europeans first decide to come back to North America after 1541? Circle the best answer. a. To catch a type of fish called COD b. For the furs of bears c. To get as much gold as possible d. For vacations along the St. Lawrence River

9) Which natural resource were the French interested in after meeting with the First Occupants and trading with them? Did the king of France want to set up a colony in North America? Was he able to? Why?

The European were interested in trading to get furs (beaver) from the FO The King of France set up a colony in North America  New France. He was able to set up the colony with the help of rich business men who paid for the colony at first

10. Who paid to set up a colony called New France? Circle the best answer. a. The First Occupants b. The King of France c. The King of England d. Rich businessmen who wanted a monopoly on furs

11.What was the name of the FIRST settlement (that failed) in New France? Circle the best answer. a. Montreal b. Quebec c. San Diego d. Port Royale

12. Who was in charge of making the first successful settlement in New France? In what year did he start this settlement? Why did he choose that location for this settlement? What is this settlement called today?

Samuel de Champlain was in charge of setting up a colony in North America in 1608 He chose this location because it was close to the St Lawrence River for transportation and trading It was high up on a cliff to defend against enemies This settlement is now called Quebec City

13. Which animal fur did the Europeans want the most? Circle the best answer. a. Deer fur b. Bear fur c. Beaver fur d. Wolf fur

14. Look at the picture below and then answer these questions: What is the building in the picture? What was this building used for? Why is this building close to water? Why is there a cross close to the building? Why is there a canon pointing outwards? Use the lines on the next page to answer the question.

The building in the picture is a trading post. This building was used to trade for furs with the FO. The trading post was close to water so the FO could get to the trading post by canoe (easy to get to) The cross shows that the trading post is a French trading post The canons show that the trading post needed to defend itself

15. What did the First Occupants want in exchange for furs? Circle the best answer. a. Metal pots and pans b. Guns c. Snowshoes d. a & b

16. Explain how the furs got from New France to France. What happened to the furs when they got to France?

1.The FO hunters would trap and kill the beavers 2.The FO hunter would bring the beaver furs to the Trading Posts 3.The French at the trading posts would ship the beaver furs to France by boat 4.The furs are made into hats and clothing in France 5.The fur clothes and hats are sold for PROFIT

17. The King of France gave the fur trading business to one company. What was the name of this company? What was this company’s main duty in New France? Did they do a good job?

The name of the company was the ‘COMPANY OF 100 ASSOCIATES’. The company was supposed to populate New France and take care of roads, buildings, etc. The company did a horrible job. It only cared about getting lots of furs for profit.

18. In which year did King Louis XIV take control of New France? Circle the best answer. a b c d. 1703

19. King Louis XIV found out that New France only had a population of 3500 people and the English colonies had 20, 000 people. Who did King Louis XIV put in charge to populate New France? Circle the best answer. a. John Smith b. Jacques Cartier c. Mr. Nica d. Jean Talon

20. King Louis XIV and Jean Talon had several strategies for populating New France. In the spaces below, explain 3 strategies that were used to populate New France. Explain in as much detail as possible.

1.King Louis brought over the Filles du Roi from France. Young women/girls who were supposed to get married and have children. 2.Engages: men who moved to New France and were given land and a job. 3.King Louis gave money to parents who had more than 10 kids. King Louis gave money to boy and girls who got married at a young age. 4.King Louis asked soldiers to stay in New France and start a family.

21. How does the picture below connect to one of the strategies used to populate New France? Explain your answer in complete sentences.

The picture shows a man greeting a girl after she got off a boat. This girl is probably a fille du Roi. The man and the girl might get married and have kids. This was a strategy of King Louis to populate New France.

22. Why did the people in New France have to change how they lived when they moved from France? Name three things they changed when they moved to New France.

The people in NF had to change how they lived because they had to adapt to the new CLIMATE and WEATHER of NEW FRANCE. They changed how they dressed, how the houses were built and how they travelled.

23. The people living in New France had a new style of dressing. This new style of dressing was called (circle the best answer): a. French style b. English style c. Canadian style d. Quebec style

24. Explain how the people in New France changed how they dressed. Give 3 examples on how the adapted their clothing. Use the drawing below to help you.

‘Habitant’  someone living in NF Fur hat with flaps for ears to keep head warm. Closed jacket with a belt to keep cold out Extra thick stockings or leggings to keep legs warm Snowshoes for walking in the snow

25. The people in New France had to change what their houses looked like to adapt to the cold. Fill out the table below to show how their houses change.

The French had to change their houses: Houses changed Made of stone Had thicker walls Had roofs that were VERY steep Had MORE windows Had a porch Were NOT CLOSE to the ground Had 1-2chimneys that worked well

26. Who were the VOYAGEURS? Explain your answer in 2-3 complete sentences.

Voyageurs were men who traveled by canoe to trade for furs They used the many rivers and lakes to get to the first occupants Voyageurs were allowed to do this

27. Who were the COUREURS DE BOIS? Explain your answer in 2-3 complete sentences.

Like the voyageurs,‘ Coureurs de Bois’ were also travelling fur collectors Lived with the First Occupants Knew the languages Knew what the territory looked like They connected the French to the First Occupants They WERE ILLEGAL fur collectors

28. Use the pictures below to help you explain how the Catholic Church was involved in New France. (HINT: What did the Catholic Church do?)

The pictures show how that the Catholic Church was involved in education and schools (picture on the left) The pictures show that the Catholic Church was also involved in health care and hospitals (picture on the right).

29. How did the Catholic Church know how many people were in New France? How did the Catholic Church know who was married in New France? Explain in 2-3 sentences.

The Catholic church knew how many people were in NF because they kept records. The Catholic Church kept birth, marriage and death certificates. This is how they knew the population of NF.

30. Name 3 rules the Catholic church had for the people living in New France: No work on Sundays Church at least once a week Not too much alcohol People should not watch plays that were not approved by the church

31. What was Montreal called at first? Circle the best answer. a. Mount Royal b. Royal Town c. Ville Marie d. O’Neillville

32. What year was Montreal founded (started). Circle the best answer. a b c d. 1624

33. Why did Montreal have to start protecting itself in 1643? What did it do to protect itself?

Montreal had to start protecting itself from attacks of the Iroquoian FO. Montreal started to build fortified walls and buildings made of strong materials like stones.

34. On the map below, color in the French Territory (New France) Blue and the English Territory Red. Fill in the LEGEND in the top left hand corner.

35. Fill in the words that match the numbers on the drawing of a seigneury

36. Name 3 rights of the Lord and 2 duties of the Lord.

RIGHTS 1.Sit at the front of the church 2.Buried in the church cemetery 3.Tax the tenant farmers 4.Get free work from the farmers a few days per year

DUTIES 1.Divide land for farmers 2.Pay taxes to the church 3.Take care of roads, windmill and sawmill 4.Loyal to the King of France 5.Give any valuable minerals to the King of France

37. How did people crush up grain to make flour? Circle the best answer. a. Sawmill b. Water c. Windmill d. stepping on it

38. Name 3 rights of the tenant/farmer and 2 duties of the tenant/farmer.

RIGHTS 1.Use of the windmill and sawmill 2.Able to sell land or give it to family 3.Use the commune for the animals

DUTIES 1. Give free work to the Lord 2. Pay taxes to the Lord & church 3. Use the mill of the Lord and give him some of the milled grain 4. Give some money to the Lord if he sold his land

39. Explain how this drawing shows the relationship between the Lord and the tenant farmers.

The picture shows the farmers giving goods to the Lord as taxes. This happen often on the seigneury. The farmers could give grain, flour, animal, crops like potatoes and other vegetables.

40. What were the main parts of New France’s economy? Circle the best answer. a. Fisheries b. Industry c. farming on seignueries d. The fur trade e. a, b, c, and d

41. What are ‘fisheries’? Explain in 2-3 sentences. Fisheries are areas where people gathered to fish. The fish would be placed on tables to dry and be preserved. Fish was important in NF because of the no meat on Friday rule.