Water

H2OH2O

Ice

Dihydrogen monoxide

 Write it down  Don’t write it down  Sometimes I will ask you to draw a diagram, so listen carefully!

Density  an object’s mass per unit volume  units:

 Toothpaste  Electricity  A star  Juice  Sound  The ocean  Fear  Peanut butter  Saliva  Helium  Democracy  Car exhaust  Gasoline  Paper  Bacteria  A cell  Wisdom  Heat  Dog  Wind  Atoms  Soil  DNA  Clouds  batteries

 matter  matter: has volume (takes up space), and mass  can be solid, liquid or gas

Solid Liquid Gas FIXED VOLUME FIXED SHAPE FIXED VOLUME NO FIXED SHAPE TAKES SHAPE AND VOLUME OF CONTAINER! slow particle movementfast particle movement States of Matter low temperatureshigh temperatures

StateShapeVolumeDen -sity Particle motion Forces solid definite (fixed) definitehighslight vibration liquid not definite definitehighmedium gas not definite low, varia- ble very, very fast

Which state… 1. Fixed volume and shape 2. No fixed shape and no fixed volume 3. Fixed volume but no fixed shape 4. Takes the shape and size of its container 5. Takes the shape, but not the size of its container

Which state… 1. Can be squeezed (compressed) into a smaller space? 2. Exists at a low temperature? 3. Has medium particle motion? 4. Has particles that just vibrate a little bit?

States of Matter and Transitions (Phases) SOLID LIQUIDGAS SUBLIMATION EVAPORATION FREEZING CONDENSATION MELTING DEPOSITION

 Why does temperature change the state of a sample of matter?  Kinetic Theory: all matter is made of particles that are always moving.  Temperature: a measurement of Kinetic Energy ( o C, K)  0 Kelvin: absolute zero: no particle movement  200 K is twice the particle movement of 100 K  Kinetic energy can overcome bond forces

Solid Liquid Gas low kinetic energy (KE)high kinetic energy (KE)

 Bond forces hold particles together.  Kinetic energy may be great enough to break bonds between particles (in a gas)

StateShapeVolumeDen sity Particle motion Forces solid definite (fixed) definitehighslight vibration Greater than KE liquid not definite definitehighmediumSimilar to KE gas not definite low, varia- ble very, very fast Much less than KE

What transition? 1. Ice turns into water 2. Water turns into steam 3. Water turns into ice 4. Water vapor (gas) turns into rain in clouds 5. Water boils and turns to steam 6. An ice cube looks like it’s making steam! 7. Cream and sugar turns into ice cream. 8. Snow turns into water vapor.

Which state… 1. Has the lowest Kinetic Energy? 2. Has very strong bond forces? 3. Has the highest Kinetic Energy? 4. Has bonds that are broken most easily? 5. Has bond forces similar to its Kinetic Energy?