Sustainable Energy Technology Theo van der Meer

Why are we interested in new energy technologys? jaar populatie / miljoen Growth of world population

How many barrels of oil do we use every day?

2% efficiency improvement per jaar 20/14/16% sustainable energy in % CO 2 reduction in 2020 refered to 1990 Necessary investments: 8-9 biljon Euro per year (study of ECN) And what are the Dutch actions???? New government with new (lower) targets:  Free market (optimization to Profit)  Poldermodel The Dutch targets for 2020 where/are:

Will we reach our targets??

For a stabilization of CO2 emissions by the year 2050 we need to: Wind energy: 50 x more wind energy Bio-energy 50 x more ethanol production Solar cells: 700 x more capacity Revolution Efficiency All cars: Double the efficiency All buildings: Improve to best e-level Nuclear energy: Triple the number of power plants ‘clean fossil’: Store CO 2 of 800 power plants Evolution Bron: Carbon Mitigation Initiative;

International Energy Agency ACTS scenario: De CO 2 concentration in 2050 back to the level of 2005 Blue scenario: De CO 2 concentration in % lower than in 2005 Energy scenario’s

Energiescenario’s of the International Energy Agency Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM

For the Blue Map scenario we have to build yearly? Bron: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives  35 coal power plants with CO 2 storage (500 MW)17,5 GW  20 gas fired power plants with CO 2 storage (500 MW)10 GW  32 Nuclear power plants (1000 MW)32 GW  1/5 of the Canadian hydro power plants18 GW  100 Biomass plants (50 MW) 5 GW  wind turbines on land (4MW)52 GW  3750 wind turbines at sea (4MW)15 GW  130 geothermal plants (100 MW)13 GW  215 miljon m 2 solar collectors30 GW  80 thermal solar power plants (250 MW)20 GW Total power to be installed yearly:212,5 GW

Can we do without fossil fuels? All energy from sun, earth and moon:  Sun: Zettajoule per year (10 21 J/year) is absorbed by the earth.  Earth: geothermal energy production: 1 ZJ/year  Moon: tidal energy: 0,1 ZJ/year  Nuclear fission?? Yearly we need: 0,5 ZJ/year, Equal to16 TW ( W) Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM

Also from the sun:  Wind energy 20 ZJ/year  Wave energy 0,2 Zj/year  biomass 5 ZJ/year  Hydro power 0,1 ZJ/year  Blue energy 0,05 ZJ/year Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM Can we do without fossil fuels?

100% sun in 2050 Area of 1000 X 1000 km. In the Sahara! Can we do without fossil fuels?

Thermal solar plants Planta Solar 10 and 20 solar power towers Total 31 MW 3 more expansive as a coal plant Solar Energy Generating systems in Calafornia 9 plants, total power 350 MW mirrors, surface area of 6,5 km 2 Total installed power: 667 MW, being built: 1,7 GW

Thermal solar power plants Desertec 12 companies involved: Munich Re, TREC, Deutsche Bank, Siemens, ABB, E.ON, RWE, Abengoa Solar, Cevital, HSH Nordbank, M & W Zander Holding, MAN Solar Millennium, and Schott Solar.Deutsche Bank SiemensABBE.ONRWEAbengoa SolarCevitalHSH NordbankMAN Solar Millennium Schott Solar 15% of Europes electicity needs

TU Eindhoven officially started in June 2005 with an approved master program. In April 2006 upgraded to a national master program (TUE/TUDelft/UT) Combination between technical (75%) and social sciences (25%), contrary to Utrecht with 25-75% Comparable programs in Oldenburg, Stockholm, Leeds en Reading Master Sustainable Energy Technology

program objectives Domain-specific requirements Broad: Have disciplinary theoretical and technical knowledge (broad) able to evaluate conventional and sustainable energy systems in integrated electrical system context able to evaluate sustainable energy systems in the societal context able to design energy systems able to analyze and understand the socio- technical nature of system innovations Deep: expert in at least one sub-area

Consequences of broadness Large differences in knowledge of the students (BW, CT, EL, TN, AT) Students will find one course too simple, and the next more difficult Teachers have to deal with differences in background Positive is that you learn how to deal with this: find quickly the necessary missing ingredients cooperate with students with other background Broadness is not easy, BUT WE WANT IT.

The curriculum Energy from biomass Solar energy Wind energy Electrical power engineering and system integration Hydrogen technology System innovation and strategic niche management 24 EC

introductory course: Sustainable energy technologies courses to reach adequate basic levels in mathematics, physics, chemistry and design engineering: Transport phenomena, Energy systems, Chemical reactor engineering courses to reach adequate basic levels in social sciences: Energy and economy The curriculum

system integration projects (6+9 EC): ‘System integration projects 1 and 2’ (Can be replaced by an Internship) elective courses in preparation for the graduation project (15 EC): graduation project (45 EC): In one of the following topics: Solar Energy, Wind energy, Biomass, Hydrogen, Intelligent electricity networks and Transition policy. Choice for research group/professor has to be made in the first quarter of the first year.

The curriculum Internship: Abengoa, Grolsch, NEM, Stork, Tri-O-Gen, Twence, Hygear, GE-wind, Nicaragua, Cambodja, Indonesie, Zuid Afrika, ECN, TNO, EDON, ENECO, Energie Delfland, EnergieNed, EPON, GASTEC, KEMA, Shell, Stork

EindhovenDelftTwente Biomass small scale conversion units large scale power generation thermal and chemical conversion processes for the use of biomass as an energy carrier and chemicals Solar energy production of amorphous silicon and polymer solar cells nano- structured 3D solar cells integration of solar energy into products 3TU master

EindhovenDelftTwente Wind energy fluid structure interaction mainly concentrated in Delft computational fluid dynamics of wind turbines Hydrogen technology small scale production of hydrogen production using sustainable energy and storage of hydrogen large scale production of hydrogen

Research groups on: Thermal conversion of biomass (Brem (CTW), Kersten (TNW), Lefferts (TNW)), Van der Meer (CTW) Pyrolysis/gasification/CO2 capture/combustion of biofuels

Research groups on: Membrane-based energy production (Nijmeyer (TNW)) water treatment (purification), bioreactors, fuel cells Blue energy

Research groups on: Use of sustainable energy in consumer products and in buildings (De Wulf (CTW), Reinders (CTW)), New concepts for PV modules Simulation of irradiance and PV systems Product integrated PV

Research groups on: Water footprint of biomass (Hoekstra, Gerbens (CTW)) Global weighted average green (precipitation), blue (ground and surface water) and grey (water related to pollution) water footprints of ethanol for ten crops

Research groups on: Design and production with light weight and smart materials (Akkerman, ME) Composite integrated PV Composite materials for wind turbine blades Structural health monitoring of wind turbine systems (sensors, structural behavior, material degredation) Self healing materials for off shore wind turbines

Research groups on: Engineering fluid dynamics in wind energy (Hoeijmakers, ME) Rotating flow machines Aero-acoustics Fluid structure interaction and aero-elasticity

Research groups on: Materials and systems (Ter Brake, Dhalhe (TNW)) Superconducting magnets for fusion reactors Superconducting generators for wind turbines Magnetic storage of electical power (friction-less fly- wheels) Energy recovery in LNG re-gasification Thermal properties of nanofluids

Research groups on: Production of solar cells with laser techniques (Huis in ‘t Veld, ME) Drilling, texturing, doping, grooving, cutting, removal of oxides.

Research groups on: Smart grids (Smit (EWI), Embedded Systems)

Research groups on: Micro-CHP and heat pumps (Van der Meer (CTW), Ter Brake (TNW)) Heat engines New heat exchange material Heat storage systems (long and short term)

Research groups on: Advanced materials (several groups in MESA+) Semiconductor materials with catalytic functionality Solar fuels (conversion of solar energy into chemicals) Micro-reactor technology for production of photovoltaic materials

Research groups on: Sustainable energy and society (Arentsen, CSTM) Business and project management Policy and management Science technology studies

Program supervision of the M.Sc. program dr. ir. De Lange (TU/e), prof.dr.ir. Th.H, van der Meer (UT) and prof.dr. Kloosterman (TUDelft). Program administration: In Twente at CTW

There are three target groups for the program: 1.Bachelor students from technical and related science programs at Dutch universities 2.Bachelor students from polytechnic colleges for higher education (in particular energy technology); 3.Bachelor students from technical and related science programs at foreign universities.

Admission 1.Mechanical Engineering, 2.Applied Physics, 3.Chemical Engineering, 4.Electrical Engineering, 5.Installation Technology and 6.Technology Management of TU/e, TUD and UT, 7.Other technical B.Sc.-programs of Dutch universities: Pre-master 8.B-Sc programs from polytechnic colleges: Pre-master 9.Foreign students: check on level, English (similar to other Masters)

And what when you have finished your study KEMA Dutch Space TUE UT Onderzoeksinstuut in Australie BAM Saxion Mastervolt (inverters voor zonne-energie) ECN IF Technologies

Does the market need SET-masters?  A market inventory says: YES  To reach our ambitious goals: YES  In the midst of our economic crisis: YES  When the crisis is over: YES