Essential nutrients Kylee rose Kosick Computers 8

Carbohydrates Makes energy Examples – fruits, dairy, starches, candy etc.. Are major source in diet of animals 2 types simple, complex When ingested, get absorbed in bloodstream as glucose Simple carbs are simple sugars, dairy products Complex are whole foods, healthy.

Carbohydrates (cont) better to get simple sugars from fruits and milk. pancreas releases a hormone called insulin when you eat sugar turns into simple sugars Helps to break down foods

Fats Examples of edible animal fats -lard, fish oil, butter or ghee Examples of edible animal fats -peanut, soya bean, sunflower, sesame, coconut, olive, and oils Can be sorted into saturated fats & unsaturated fats. Are foods that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Fats (cont) All fats have chains of fatty acids Fats help in maintaining -healthy skin/hair, -body organs, -body temperature, -healthy cell function. -energy stores for the body

Proteins Some fold into structure with small holes -Are enzymes that help “biochemical” reactions -Are helpful to metabolism -Are important in cell signalling - immune responses -cell adhesion -cell cycle.

Protein (cont.) Are parts of organisms and process within cells Has its own amino acid people who eat vegetarian can still get protein-rich foods. Examples -meat,grains, dairy,nuts.

Fibre Soluble fibre absorbs water gelatinous, is cloaked by bacteria in the digestive tract. Insoluble fibre is not fermented. major dietary insoluble fibre source. lignin may alter metabolism of soluble fibres.

Essential Nutrients Olivia Bridge Computers 8

Helps body grow and develop -need for health, growth and reproduction Examples, dairy, fruits, vegetables Two types, fat soluble and water soluble -originally placed in categories based on function in body Vitamins

Vitamins (Cont) An organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism Thirteen different types -vitamin D in milk helps your bones -vitamin A in carrots helps you see at night -vitamin C in oranges helps your body heal if you get a cut -vitamin B in leafy green vegetables helps body make protein and energy

Vitamins (Cont) All living things plant or animal need them Can be used over and over -only tiny amounts are needed to replace those that are lost -not a source of calories

Minerals Make people’s bodies work properly -boost immune system -help cells and organs do jobs Examples are fruits, vegetables and dairy products Are inorganic elements -come from soil, water and absorbed by plants eaten by animals Carrots help you see in the dark, prevent eye problems -full of substances called carotenoids

Minerals (Cont) Two types macro minerals and trace minerals Is a substance that is neither animal nor vegetable; inorganic matter Your body needs larger amounts of some, such as calcium to grow and stay healthy -calcium would be a macro mineral, because it is a larger amount

Minerals (Cont) Trace minerals includes iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride and selenium -trace mineral means you need small amounts of each of these minerals a day

Water Is essential for people and nature Examples are most fruits and vegetables and some dairy products Freshwater faces crises -including contamination and shortages Is a clear colorless tasteless odourless liquid Two types, fresh and salt

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