Combining GIS and GPS to Improve Our Understanding of the Spatial Distribution of Snow Water Equivalence Todd Ackerman Tyler Erickson Mark W. Williams.

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Presentation transcript:

Combining GIS and GPS to Improve Our Understanding of the Spatial Distribution of Snow Water Equivalence Todd Ackerman Tyler Erickson Mark W. Williams Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado

Overview Research goals Research goals Site description Site description Data collection Data collection Analysis Analysis

Why study snow? 75% of annual water supply in the western US 75% of annual water supply in the western US Catastrophic flooding Catastrophic flooding

Problems in Snow Hydrology In western US, SWE is measured once every 1,800 square miles In western US, SWE is measured once every 1,800 square miles Scaling: point measurements of SWE to regional and global scales Scaling: point measurements of SWE to regional and global scales

Research Goals Detailed data set for snow hydrology Detailed data set for snow hydrology Improvement of methods for estimating SWE in alpine basins Improvement of methods for estimating SWE in alpine basins Relationship of SWE to landscape type Relationship of SWE to landscape type

GIS Platforms Platforms  ArcInfo Workstation for Solaris  ArcInfo 8.1 Desktop and Workstation for Windows NT Extensions Extensions  Spatial Analyst  Geostatistical Analyst

Green Lakes Valley 3,575 to 4,000 m 3,575 to 4,000 m 1,000 mm of precipitation 1,000 mm of precipitation 80% as snow 80% as snow UNESCO Biosphere Reserve UNESCO Biosphere Reserve LTER network site LTER network site

Surrounding Area

Access 25 km roundtrip 25 km roundtrip Tundra lab Tundra lab

Field Methods Snow Probes Snow Probes Snow Pits Snow Pits DEM DEM Landcover Landcover GPS GPS

Field Methods Snow Probes Snow Probes Snow Pits Snow Pits DEM DEM Landcover Landcover GPS GPS

Field Methods Snow Probes Snow Probes Snow Pits Snow Pits DEM DEM Landcover Landcover GPS GPS

Field Methods Snow Probes Snow Probes Snow Pits Snow Pits DEM DEM Landcover Landcover GPS GPS

Field Methods Snow Probes Snow Probes Snow Pits Snow Pits DEM DEM Landcover Landcover GPS GPS

GPS Comparison Trimble Pro XR Trimble Pro XR Garmin GPS-III Plus Garmin GPS-III Plus

GPS Comparison

Snow Depth Measurements

Kriging Geostatistical Analyst Geostatistical Analyst  Useful, flexible tool Caveats Caveats  Stationarity  Lower bound constraint

Kriging Results

Correlation of Snow Depth with Landscape Type Measured PointsInterpolated Points

Summary GIS technology allows us to conduct better snow surveys, and to analyze the results GIS technology allows us to conduct better snow surveys, and to analyze the results GPS: lighter, cheaper, happier GPS: lighter, cheaper, happier Kriging can be used to scale up the point measurement, but is currently a black box operation. Kriging can be used to scale up the point measurement, but is currently a black box operation.

Acknowledgements Students, field staff (especially Tim Bardsley), Matt Tomaszewski, and volunteers who have helped with the snow surveys over the years. Students, field staff (especially Tim Bardsley), Matt Tomaszewski, and volunteers who have helped with the snow surveys over the years. NSF EAR (Hydrology) NSF EAR (Hydrology) Army Research Office grant DAAH Army Research Office grant DAAH NASA-EOS NASA-EOS Mountain Research Station of INSTAAR and CU-Boulder Mountain Research Station of INSTAAR and CU-Boulder Ongoing maintenance and data access is funded by the NSF grants DEB and DEB Ongoing maintenance and data access is funded by the NSF grants DEB and DEB

Further Information Niwot LTER ( Niwot LTER ( INSTAAR ( INSTAAR ( TundraCam ( TundraCam (