Conceptual Maps and Thesauri : A Comparison of Two Models of Representation Arising from Different Disciplinary Traditions Lalthoum Saàdani and Suzanne.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Modelling with expert systems. Expert systems Modelling with expert systems Coaching modelling with expert systems Advantages and limitations of modelling.
Advertisements

Advanced Information Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering GI-DAYS MÜNSTER A software tool.
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management Tenth Edition
Chapter 2 Data Models.
Knowledge Acquisition and Modelling Concept Mapping.
Multilingual multimedia thesaurus for conservation and restoration collaborative networked model of construction Lucijana Leoni University of Dubrovnik.
Thesaurus Design and Development
IMS5024 Week 3 Semester 2, IMS 5024 Object orientation (1)
IMS5024 Week 61 IMS 5024 Object orientation (1). IMS5024 Week 62 Content Individual assignment date Group assignment What is object orientation? n Place.
A Registry for controlled vocabularies at the Library of Congress
1 Languages for aboutness n Indexing languages: –Terminological tools Thesauri (CV – controlled vocabulary) Subject headings lists (CV) Authority files.
Concept Mapping. What is Concept Mapping ? Concept mapping is a technique for representing knowledge in graphs. This technique was developed by Professor.
Knowledge organisation and information architecture, Nils Pharo Knowledge organisation and the Web Nils Pharo, 6th November 2002.
Vocabulary & languages in searching
Semantic Web Technologies Lecture # 2 Faculty of Computer Science, IBA.
Basic Concepts The Unified Modeling Language (UML) SYSC System Analysis and Design.
Why classification matters The foundations of bibliographic classification.
INTERDISCIPLINARY SUMMER SCHOOL Concept Map Kojuri J M.D. Cardiologist.Interventionist Associate professor of SUMS.
FRE 2672 Urban Ontologies : the Towntology prototype towards case studies Chantal BERDIER (EDU), Catherine ROUSSEY (LIRIS)
General Considerations for Implementation
Languages are bridges … not barriers Chiara Carlucci – CEDEFOP Library ReferNet Technical Meeting September 2009.
Dr. Ronald J. Anderson, Texas A&M International University 1 Chapter 5 Designs for Problem Solving Teaching with Technology: Designing Opportunities to.
The Cognitive Perspective in Information Science Research Anthony Hughes Kristina Spurgin.
1 ICAS’2008 – Gosier, March 16-21, 2008 A Transformational Approach for Pattern-based Design of User Interfaces Costin Pribeanu Jean Vanderdonckt National.
Semantic data model
Modeling Applied Mindtool Experiences with Hyperlinked Presentation Software Stephenie Schroth Jonassen, D.H. (2006). Modeling with Technology: Mindtools.
Multilingual Information Exchange APAN, Bangkok 27 January 2005
D4: SKOS and HIVE—Enhancing the Creation, Design and Flow of Information Speakers: Hollie White Jane Greenberg Coordinator: Alan Keely.
ICS-FORTH January 11, Thesaurus Mapping Martin Doerr Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas Institute of Computer Science Bath, UK, January.
Language Objective: Students will be able to practice agreeing and disagreeing with partner or small group, interpret and discuss illustrations, identify.
Chapter 1 : Introduction §Purpose of Database Systems §View of Data §Data Models §Data Definition Language §Data Manipulation Language §Transaction Management.
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan1.1Database System Concepts Chapter 1: Introduction Purpose of Database Systems View of Data Data Models Data Definition.
KNOWLEDGE BASED TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION many geographical problems are ill-structured an ill-structured problem "lacks a solution algorithm.
The UNESCO Thesaurus Meeting for Managers of UNESCO Documentation Networks Meron Ewketu UNESCO Library June
Terminology and documentation*  Object of the study of terminology:  analysis and description of the units representing specialized knowledge in specialized.
Knowledge Representation of Statistic Domain For CBR Application Supervisor : Dr. Aslina Saad Dr. Mashitoh Hashim PM Dr. Nor Hasbiah Ubaidullah.
DataBase Management System What is DBMS Purpose of DBMS Data Abstraction Data Definition Language Data Manipulation Language Data Models Data Keys Relationships.
Semantic web course – Computer Engineering Department – Sharif Univ. of Technology – Fall Knowledge Representation Semantic Web - Fall 2005 Computer.
A Context Model based on Ontological Languages: a Proposal for Information Visualization School of Informatics Castilla-La Mancha University Ramón Hervás.
Towards a Pattern Language for User Interface Design
INFO Week 8 Subject Indexing & Knowledge Representation Dr. Xia Lin Assistant Professor College of Information Science and Technology Drexel University.
UML as a Specification Language for Embedded Systems. By, Mir Ahmed Ali, Asst. Professor, ECM department, SNIST. By, Prof. Narsiah sir, Director of School.
SKOS. Ontologies Metadata –Resources marked-up with descriptions of their content. No good unless everyone speaks the same language; Terminologies –Provide.
Thesauri usage in information retrieval systems: example of LISTA and ERIC database thesaurus Kristina Feldvari Departmant of Information Sciences, Faculty.
Metadata Common Vocabulary a journey from a glossary to an ontology of statistical metadata, and back Sérgio Bacelar
Knowledge Representation
June 2003INIS Training Seminar1 INIS Training Seminar 2-6 June 2003 Subject Analysis Thesaurus and Indexing Alexander Nevyjel Subject Control Unit INIS.
Concept Mapping: A Graphical System for Understanding the Relationship between Concepts. ERIC Digest.
Trait ontology approach Marie-Angélique LAPORTE NCEAS June 7 th 2010.
Controlled Vocabulary & Thesaurus Design Associative Relationships & Thesauri.
A Portrait of the Semantic Web in Action Jeff Heflin and James Hendler IEEE Intelligent Systems December 6, 2010 Hyewon Lim.
Banaras Hindu University. A Course on Software Reuse by Design Patterns and Frameworks.
ORGANIZATION OF ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION The Thesaurus.
Understanding Naturally Conveyed Explanations of Device Behavior Michael Oltmans and Randall Davis MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab.
Charlyn P. Salcedo Instructor Types of Indexing Languages.
Artificial Intelligence Knowledge Representation.
Welcome: To the fifth learning sequence “ Data Models “ Recap : In the previous learning sequence, we discussed The Database concepts. Present learning:
Design Evaluation Overview Introduction Model for Interface Design Evaluation Types of Evaluation –Conceptual Design –Usability –Learning Outcome.
ACCOUNTING THEORY AND STANDARDS
Ontologies COMP6028 Semantic Web Technologies Dr Nicholas Gibbins
1 How do we describe something? n What something is about? –What the content of an object is “about”? n Different methods (Wilson, 1968) –counting terms.
Introduction to DBMS Purpose of Database Systems View of Data
Knowledge Representation Techniques
IB Assessments CRITERION!!!.
Introduction to Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Knowledge Representation
المپیاد علمی دانشجویان پزشکی
Introduction to Database Systems
Introduction to DBMS Purpose of Database Systems View of Data
THESAURUS CONSTRUCTION: GROUND WATER
Presentation transcript:

Conceptual Maps and Thesauri : A Comparison of Two Models of Representation Arising from Different Disciplinary Traditions Lalthoum Saàdani and Suzanne Bertrand-Gastaldy École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information Université de Montréal CAIS/ACSI 2000

”The development of hypermedia and databases consisting of full-text versions of documents has created intermediate situations between information seeking and content learning" ( Roger, Lavandier and Kolmayer 1998 ) ( our translation ) ”The goal of an information system or a learning system should be the identification of discontinuities in understanding" ( Duncan and McAleese 1987:377 ) INTRODUCTION

Presentation scheme n Definition of Thesaurus and Conceptual Map n Objects represented n Elaboration steps n Functions or uses n Units of representation and their syntax n Display formats n Evaluation of the two representational models n Conclusion

Thesaurus - Definition "The vocabulary of a controlled indexing language, formally organized so that the a priori relationships between concepts (for example as "broader" and "narrower”) are made explicit" (ISO 2788, 1986:2) "A controlled set of terms selected from natural language and used to represent, in abstract form, the subjects of documents" (ISO 2788, 1986:2)

Conceptual Map - Definition "Concept mapping involves identifying concepts or ideas pertaining to a subject, and then describing the relationships that exist between these ideas in the form of a drawing sketch. The purpose of the map is to represent an individual's understanding of a body of knowledge, and to illustrate the relationships among ideas that are meaningful to him or her" (Sherratt and Schlabach 1990: 60-61). " Schematic device for representing a set of concept meanings embedded in a framework of propositions” (Novak and Gowin, 1984).

Other names for conceptual maps n n Mind Maps n n WebMaps n n Knowledge Maps or Kmaps n n Cognitive Maps n n Cognitive Structures

Conceptual Maps and Cognitive Maps « Conceptual maps are related to the model of the thesaurus, cognitive maps are related to the mental model of users » (Borgman 1986) « A concept map is a map constructed by experts, and represents many of the commonalties of their knowledge of the domain […] a cognitive map is a map constructed by a nonexpert individual […] and has a lesser degree of disciplinary validity » (Mahler et al. 1991)

What is Represented? Thesauri n Concepts Having literary warrantHaving literary warrant Useful for information retrievalUseful for information retrieval n Conventional relationships (limited and internationally standardized typology and notation) Conceptual Maps n Concepts Chosen by the map's designerChosen by the map's designer In education science, conceptual maps present generic concepts, their precise definition and the inter-relationships.In education science, conceptual maps present generic concepts, their precise definition and the inter-relationships. n Various non-standardized relationships

The representation of concepts Thesauri n Concepts are represented by: the indexing terms (descriptors or preferred terms)the indexing terms (descriptors or preferred terms) n Concepts can be: Concrete entities (things and their parts; materials)Concrete entities (things and their parts; materials) Abstract concepts (actions and events; abstract entities and properties of objects, materials and actions; disciplines and sciences and units of measure)Abstract concepts (actions and events; abstract entities and properties of objects, materials and actions; disciplines and sciences and units of measure) Proper nouns (individual entities or individual classes expressed as proper nouns)Proper nouns (individual entities or individual classes expressed as proper nouns) Conceptual maps n Concepts are represented by: Nodes containing words from natural languageNodes containing words from natural language n Concepts can be: EventsEvents Objects or ThingsObjects or Things ProcessesProcesses SensationsSensations IdeasIdeas ConstructsConstructs SituationsSituations PropertiesProperties Recognized signs or symbolsRecognized signs or symbols

Relationships Thesauri Alphabetical or graphic symbols n Equivalence relationships: Use or for UseUse or for Use UF or = for Used forUF or = for Used for n Hierarchic relationships: NT or > for Narrower TermsNT or > for Narrower Terms BT or < for Broader TermsBT or < for Broader Terms 2Hierarchic relationships include: ugeneric relations (genus- species) upartitive relations (whole-part) uinstantiation upoly-hierarchic relations n Associative relationships: RT or - for Related TermsRT or - for Related Terms n SN for Scope Notes. Conceptual Maps Natural language words n Arcs labelled by verbs, prepositions, names or logical connectors, variable linking words. n Causal relationships or using links n Dynamic semantic links (x influences y, leads to) n Static links (Type, part) n Instructional links (analogy, example) n Physical relationships (under, near) n Temporal relationships (precede, follow) n Logical relationships (cause, product)

Display formats Thesauri n Linear (alphabetical, permuted) n Hierarchic (systematic) n Graphic ArrowgraphsArrowgraphs Tree structureTree structure Circular formCircular form TerminogramTerminogram Conceptual Maps n Graphic and hierarchic (less strict hierarchy) n Other forms: Semantic networkSemantic network Tree graphTree graph HistogramHistogram Geographic mapGeographic map etc.etc.

Conceptual maps: display formats

Stages of Production Thesauri n Choice of form. n Choice of terms. n Choice of grouping mode. n Choice of relationships. n Choice of representation format. n Compilation. Conceptual maps n Identification of concepts. n Organisation of concepts from the general to the specific. n Establishing relationships among concepts. n Compiling or sketching map.

Function or Use Thesauri n Vocabulary control n Facilitation of information retrieval: Representation of content and search questions.Representation of content and search questions. Suggestion of search terms (query expansion)Suggestion of search terms (query expansion) Help in understanding a term's use context.Help in understanding a term's use context. n Act as an interface or intermediary between users and the information systems. Conceptual maps n Organize and present a field's or a part of a field's conceptual structure. n Graphically represent the meaning of a set of concepts. n Visualize the understanding an individual has of a field of knowledge. n Represent users' cognitive structure. n Facilitate teaching and learning n Evaluate learners' cognitive structures and measure their knowledge. n Identify and correct misconceptions.

EvaluationThesauri n Linear form: Difficulty of manipulation (cumbersome, redundancies)Difficulty of manipulation (cumbersome, redundancies) n Graphic form Reinforces the representiveness of a thesaurus.Reinforces the representiveness of a thesaurus. Emphasizes the semantic context of descriptors.Emphasizes the semantic context of descriptors. Favours better interaction between users and the information systems.Favours better interaction between users and the information systems. n If in conceptual map form Enables users to compare their own mental maps with the system’s graphic representation maps.Enables users to compare their own mental maps with the system’s graphic representation maps. n If in semantic nets form Reduces the volume of a thesaurus.Reduces the volume of a thesaurus. Favours a more intelligent behaviour based on inference reasoning.Favours a more intelligent behaviour based on inference reasoning. Conceptual maps n An effective tool in learning activities. n Useful essentially as an evaluation technique. n An appropriate tool to represent a knowledge domain. n Effective tool to externalize the cognitive structures of designers.