Fish Trade, Safety, Quality and Environmental issues Lahsen Ababouch Service Chief Fish Utilization and Marketing Department of Fisheries FAO, Rome. UNCTAD Workshop on standards and trade. Geneva /5/2002

Main issues Safety and quality Eco-labelling Traceability Conservation (CITES)

WORLD PRODUCTION

WORLD EXPORTS

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Net exports by developing countries (US$ million) 2000

HUMAN CONSUMPTION

EXPORTS IN 2000 (VALUE)

Safety and quality issues Chemical pollutants (aquatic environment, need for monitoring programs) Molluscs bivalves (aquatic environment, need for monitoring programs) Other fish and fishery products Fish and Fishery products in the forefront

Major Stakeholders The fish industry The control Authoriti(es) Support institutions Consumer and consumer advocate groups

Third countries authorized to exports fish to the EU (List 1)

Future issues HACCP implementation Risk analysis Harmonization and Equivalency

Eco-labelling Labelling a product to identify it as having been produced by ecologically friendly practices Characterize the “ecological friendliness” attribute(s) of the product/process Let the consumer know about it If there is a demand the attribute(s), product price and market shares will go up

Which Attributes? Resource sustainability By-catch and discard catch Fishing techniques Marine Species conservation (CITES) Environmental impact (Product LCA): energy and water consumption, pollution, clean technologies Others: Gender, labor regulations,.. Artisanal fisheries and cost of eco- labeling

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Fully Fished Moderately fished: U+M Overfished: O+D+R

Traceability Traceability is the ability to trace the history, application or location of any entity by means of recorded identifications Market driven demand Analytical techniques

Traceability Where was the fish caught? When was it caught? How has it been processed? (GMP) Is it safe to eat? (HACCP) Environment friendliness Consumer driven, regulators, trade partners,...

Traceability of food products new EU legislation from 2002 requires to label consignments by identifying the species name, production method and catch area trade barrier ? Can developing countries afford sophisticated traceability systems ?

CITES Inclusion of commercial marine species ? Debated at the CITES Standing Committee (March 2002) for amendments of criteria, CITES Conference (November 2002) Because FAO has a consultative right Activities: FAO second technical consultation - Namibia, October 2001;FAO COFI-Fish Trade, February 2002