The “Functional Requirements family” Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Functional Requirements for Authority Data Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data The relationship to RDA 1

“Functional Requirements family” history Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records – FRBR conceptual model published Functional Requirements for Authority Data – FRAD conceptual model published Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data – FRSAD conceptual model published 2

FRBR, FRAD and FRSAD - What they are They are conceptual models to explain the purpose of bibliographic and authority records and how they relate to the needs of users They provide a common understanding and vocabulary to enable cataloguers around the world to discuss cataloguing concepts, independent of any particular cataloguing rules or system 3

FRBR, FRAD and FRSAD - What they are not They are not cataloguing rules They are not data models They do not prescribe how the models might be implemented in online catalogues 4

What is FRBR? FRBR is a structured framework for – relating the data recorded in bibliographic records to the needs of users – relating bibliographic records to each other FRBR defines what data users expect to find in a bibliographic record and how they use that information 5

What do users expect from a library catalogue? Users expect that a library catalogue will enable them to FIND a work/item of intellectual or artistic content that meets their needs – For example by a particular author on a particular subject with a certain title 6

What do users expect from a library catalogue? Users expect that a library catalogue will enable them to IDENTIFY a work/item of intellectual or artistic content that meets their needs – For example to distinguish between items with the same title 7

What do users expect from a library catalogue? Users expect that a library catalogue will enable them to SELECT a work/item of intellectual or artistic content that meets their needs – For example to check that an item is in a suitable form for a particular group, such as the vision impaired 8

What do users expect from a library catalogue? Users expect that a library catalogue will enable them to OBTAIN a work/item of intellectual or artistic content that meets their needs – For example to request the item to access a remote resource 9

What do users expect from a library catalogue? Users expect bibliographic records to help them find, identify, select and obtain the products of intellectual or artistic endeavour 10

11 Work Expression Manifestation Item Intellectual or artistic activity and content Physical characteristics

Item A concrete entity – the Library’s copy of Tim Winton’s Cloudstreet, as first published in 1991 by McPhee Gribble 12

Manifestation All the physical or virtual objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect of intellectual content and form – The entire print run by McPhee Gribble in 1991 of Tim Winton’s Cloudstreet 13

Expression Intellectual or artistic form, such as language, alpha-numeric or musical or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc, or a combination of these – The English language and alpha-numeric text of Tim Winton’s Cloudstreet 14

Work The intellectual or artistic creation as an abstract entity – The characters and plot of Tim Winton’s Cloudstreet 15

Attributes of a Work Title Date Form (e.g. poem, map, painting) Intended termination Intended audience Context Coordinates and Equinox (Cartographic works) Medium of performance, Numeric designation and Key (Musical works) Any other characteristic that serves to differentiate a work from another of the same title 16

Attributes of an Expression Title Form (e.g. alpha-numeric notation, spoken word, mime) Date Language/s Extensibility (e.g. future volumes in a multi-vol.) Revisability (e.g. draft or integrating resource) Extent (e.g. number of words, duration of performance) Summarization (e.g. abstract, table of contents) Context Critical response Use restrictions Any other characteristic that serves to differentiate an expression from another expression of the same work 17

Attributes of an Expression Serial – Sequencing pattern – Expected regularity – Expected frequency Musical notation – Type of score – Medium of performance Sound recording – Medium of performance Graphic or Projected image – Technique Remote sensing image – Recording technique – Special characteristic Cartographic image or object – Scale – Projection – Presentation technique – Representation of relief – Geodetic, Grid, and Vertical measurement 18

Attributes of a Manifestation Title Statement of responsibility Edition/Issue designation Imprint (place, date, publisher, manufacturer) Series statement Identifier (e.g. ISBN) Physical description (form, extent, composition, dimensions) Capture mode Source of acquisition Terms of availability Access restrictions 19

Attributes of a Manifestation Printed book – Typeface – Type size Hand printed book – Foliation – Collation Serial – Numbering Microform – Polarity – Generation – Reduction ratio Sound recording – Kind of sound – Playing speed – Groove width and kind of cutting – Tape configuration Electronic resource – System requirements – File characteristics – Mode of access – Access address Image – Colour 20

Attributes of an Item Identifier (e.g. accession number, call number, barcode) Provenance Marks and inscriptions Torn or missing pages Exhibition history Treatment history Access restrictions 21

100 1_ $aWinton, Tim,$d $aCloudstreet.$lGerman $aDas Haus an der Cloudstreet :$bRoman / $cTim Winton ; aus dem australischen Englisch von Barbara Lehnerer 260 __ $aFrankfurt am Main :$bKruger,$c __ $a 493 p. ;$c22 cm _ $aLehnerer, Barbara,$etranslator. 900 __ $aLibrary’s copy signed by the author. WORK EXPRESSION MANIFESTATION ITEM

23 Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report / IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, 2008, p. 14, “Group 1 entities and primary relationships”, Figure 3.1

Equivalent relationships Most commonly between the various manifestations of an expression of a work – Alternate Simultaneously released edition Alternate format – Reproduction Reprint Mirror site Facsimile

Derivative relationships Work-to-Work or Expression-to-Expression – Different Expressions of the same Work Revision Literal translation Musical arrangement Dubbed or subtitled version of a film Illustrated edition – A new Work based on another Work Adaptation for children Parody Free translation Screenplay

Descriptive relationships A new Work that describes one or more existing Works, Expressions, Manifestations or Items – Review – Criticism – Commentary – Annotated edition The Epistle of James : a commentary on the Greek text / by Peter H. Davids Nimbus of glory : a study of Coleridge's three great poems / by Warren Stevenson

27 Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green, 2001, p. 23, “Bibliographic Relationships” by Barbara B. Tillett, Figure 2, © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston, with kind permission of Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Cloudstreet (Novel) English language text McPhee Gribble, 1991 Cloudstreet (Play, 1998) Cloudstreet (Book discussion notes) German translation Kruger, 1998 Reprint (McPhee Gribble, 1993) Currency Press, 1999 Work Expression Manifestation English language text

Whole-Part relationships Relationship between a Work, Expression, Manifestation or Item and its component parts – Dependant parts chapters, sections, parts, volumes illustrations for a text sound aspect of a film – Independent parts monograph in a series journal articles parts of a kit books of the Bible 29

Sequential relationships Sequential – Sequel Zen and the modern world : a third sequel to Zen and Western thought / Masao Abe ; edited by Steven Heine – Prequel Wide Sargasso Sea / Jean Rhys – Prequel to: Jane Eyre / Charlotte Brontë – Multi-part series, where the parts relate to each other 30

Accompanying relationships Supplementary – May be dependent or independent appendix supplement Companion music written for an existing poem 31

Contextual relationships Relationship between Work or Expression or Manifestation or Item and Person/s or Family/Families or Corporate body/bodies responsible for – intellectual or artistic content – physical production or dissemination – custodianship 32

33 is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by Work Expression Manifestation Item PERSON FAMILY CORPORATE BODY

FRAD user tasks Find person/s, family/families, corporate body/bodies, works, etc based on known information Identify – Confirm person or family or corporate body or work, etc is the one sought Contextualize – clarify the relationship between entities, such as earlier and later names of a corporate body Justify the controlled access point

Attributes of a Person Dates Title Gender Place of birth Place of death Country with which the person is identified Place of residence Affiliation Address Language Field of activity Profession or occupation Biography or history Any other information by which a person is known or identified

Attributes of a Family Type of family – Clan, dynasty, family unit Dates associated with family Field of activity History of family

Attributes of a Corporate Body Place associated with corporate body Dates associated with corporate body Language Address Field of activity History Any other information that differentiates one corporate body from another

38 has a subject WORK Work Expression Manifestation Item Concept Object Event Place Person Family Corporate body

FRBR and RDA FRBR and FRAD concepts, terms and user tasks RDA content and organisation reflect FRBR and FRAD – Attributes – Relationships 39

RDA structure Section 1: Recording Attributes of Manifestation & Item – All physical formats, not one per chapter – Describing carriers Section 2: Recording Attributes of Work & Expression – Describing content Section 3: Recording Attributes of Person, Family, & Corporate Body Section 4: Recording Attributes of Concept, Object, Event & Place – Concept, Object, Event are placeholders at this stage 40

RDA structure Section 5: Recording Primary Relationships between Work, Expression, Manifestation, & Item Section 6: Recording Relationships to Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Section 7: Recording Relationships to Concepts, Objects, Events, & Places Section 8: Recording Relationships between Works, Expressions, Manifestations, & Items Section 9: Recording Relationships between Persons, Families, & Corporate Bodies Section 10: Recording Relationships between Concepts, Objects, Events, & Places (Placeholder) 41

RDA, FRBR and the future Library systems will evolve to fully display FRBR structure of work, expression, manifestation, and item Application of FRBR concepts to traditional catalogue records – Trove

Virtua ILS (VTLS) 43 Display created using linked data

RDA, FRBR and the future Application FRBR concepts in other systems Australian Music Centre catalogue Austlit

Where to find out more FRBR family of models – – Report of Working Group on Aggregates FRBRoo – an object-oriented version of FRBR for museum information Namespaces for Functional Requirements family –

Acknowledgments Parts of this presentation have been copied from presentations by Deirdre Kiorgaard, Barbara Tillett, Alan Danskin and John Attig 46