Robert Koch Tom Souza Tobey Stohr Father of Bacteriology

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Definitions Anthrax- Spread from animals to humans thru contaminated wool, from eating uncooked meat or breathing in airborne spores Anthrax- Spread from animals to humans thru contaminated wool, from eating uncooked meat or breathing in airborne spores Cholera- An infection of the small intestines which causes watery diarrhea. Severe dehydration is a result Cholera- An infection of the small intestines which causes watery diarrhea. Severe dehydration is a result Tuberculosis- Spread from person to person thru the air, in tiny microscopic droplets. A person with TB coughs or sneezes, the bacteria can be inhaled by persons nearby Tuberculosis- Spread from person to person thru the air, in tiny microscopic droplets. A person with TB coughs or sneezes, the bacteria can be inhaled by persons nearby

Postulates for Indentifying Discovered a set of guidelines for culturing bacteria Discovered a set of guidelines for culturing bacteria In 1890, presented what is now called Koch's postulates, four rules still used for determining whether a given bacteria is the cause of a specific disease In 1890, presented what is now called Koch's postulates, four rules still used for determining whether a given bacteria is the cause of a specific disease 1. The bacteria must be present in every case of the disease. 2. The bacteria must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture. 3. The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the bacteria is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host. 4. The bacteria must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host. 1. The bacteria must be present in every case of the disease. 2. The bacteria must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture. 3. The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the bacteria is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host. 4. The bacteria must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.

Early Life Born Dec 11, 1843 in Clausthal, Germany Born Dec 11, 1843 in Clausthal, Germany Father’s a miner Father’s a miner Showed signs of significant intelligence at young age Showed signs of significant intelligence at young age Showed interest in Biology throughout high school Showed interest in Biology throughout high school Had a strong urge to travel Had a strong urge to travel

Early Life continued… In 1862, he went to the University of Gottingen In 1862, he went to the University of Gottingen Worked as a volunteer medical officer during the Franco-Prussian War Worked as a volunteer medical officer during the Franco-Prussian War Worked in a hospital for general practice with microbiology Worked in a hospital for general practice with microbiology

Anthrax Sought out causes for the anthrax bacillus Sought out causes for the anthrax bacillus Inoculated mice with wood splinters Inoculated mice with wood splinters Once he checked the spleen of infected farm animals, he found out that the disease had killed them, and healthy mice in which he inoculated with the blood of other healthy farm animals had no infection Once he checked the spleen of infected farm animals, he found out that the disease had killed them, and healthy mice in which he inoculated with the blood of other healthy farm animals had no infection

Anthrax continued… Koch wanted to find out primary source of anthrax Koch wanted to find out primary source of anthrax Made culture on the surface of an ox’s eye Made culture on the surface of an ox’s eye Found another discovery of the anthrax Found another discovery of the anthrax Spores would cause the bacteria to be able to grow again once conditions were live sustaining again. Spores would cause the bacteria to be able to grow again once conditions were live sustaining again. Theory showed that anthrax could survive in without a host for an extended period of time Theory showed that anthrax could survive in without a host for an extended period of time

Koch gets Famous Continued work at the University of Breslau Continued work at the University of Breslau My colleagues published a journal of Koch’s work and quickly became famous My colleagues published a journal of Koch’s work and quickly became famous Worked for four years improving theories Worked for four years improving theories

Work on Tuberculosis 1 st presented discovery of TB to an audience in st presented discovery of TB to an audience in 1882 Made the conclusion that 1 in 7 humans at that time would die from TB Made the conclusion that 1 in 7 humans at that time would die from TB Described how I had invented a new straining method and demonstrated for the audience Described how I had invented a new straining method and demonstrated for the audience Showed the audience of the devastating disease and how it was contracted Showed the audience of the devastating disease and how it was contracted Work was published on April 10, 1882 Work was published on April 10, 1882

Tuberculosis Continued… Continued work on Tuberculosis as the Head Director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases Continued work on Tuberculosis as the Head Director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases

Cholera Koch went to Alexandria, Egypt in 1883 to do research on Vibrio Cholerae Koch went to Alexandria, Egypt in 1883 to do research on Vibrio Cholerae Was pronounced the leading role in the German Cholera Commission Was pronounced the leading role in the German Cholera Commission He did his research on what the virus was and was able to identify it was Cholera He did his research on what the virus was and was able to identify it was Cholera He attempted to infect animals with cholera, but none became infected He attempted to infect animals with cholera, but none became infected

Cholera continued… Koch and his team travelled to Calcutta, India to further study the disease Koch and his team travelled to Calcutta, India to further study the disease In India, Koch was able to find a pure Culture of Cholera In India, Koch was able to find a pure Culture of Cholera Made the conclusion that cholera is not susceptible to animals Made the conclusion that cholera is not susceptible to animals Proved the miasma theory false Proved the miasma theory false His work proved that cholera was a human borne disease His work proved that cholera was a human borne disease He returned to Berlin in 1884 with all of his findings on Cholera He returned to Berlin in 1884 with all of his findings on Cholera His work allowed him to formulate proper decisions on how to control the Cholera outbreak His work allowed him to formulate proper decisions on how to control the Cholera outbreak Some of these ideas are still used today Some of these ideas are still used today Koch received a gift of 100,000 German Marks for his discovery Koch received a gift of 100,000 German Marks for his discovery His ideas also helped formulate decisions on the conservation of water supplies His ideas also helped formulate decisions on the conservation of water supplies

Other Significant Achievements Koch was appointed the Professor of Hygiene at the University of Berlin Koch was appointed the Professor of Hygiene at the University of Berlin He was appointed the Surgeon General in 1890 He was appointed the Surgeon General in 1890 In 1891, he became the professor of the new medical faculty and the director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases In 1891, he became the professor of the new medical faculty and the director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases Followed work in India and Africa on malaria, black water fever, surra of cattle and horses and plague Followed work in India and Africa on malaria, black water fever, surra of cattle and horses and plague

Nobel Prize Koch was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine Koch was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine Received a diploma directly from the hands of the King of Sweden Received a diploma directly from the hands of the King of Sweden Was awarded 10 million SEK Was awarded 10 million SEK

Robert Koch Award Robert Koch passed away May 27, 1910 of heart failure in Baden-Baden, Germany Robert Koch passed away May 27, 1910 of heart failure in Baden-Baden, Germany Since 1970, there have been a handful of biomedical scientists which have received the award for their work for finding new cures etc. Since 1970, there have been a handful of biomedical scientists which have received the award for their work for finding new cures etc.