Bacteria: Classification and Structure

What are the 6 Kingdoms? Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Bacteria are prokaryotes Pro – before Karyon – nucleus The simplest forms of life are prokaryotes. Earth’s first cells were prokaryotes.

Lots of Them! Prokaryotes are Earth’s most abundant life forms. They can survive in many environments. They can get energy from many different sources.

Prokaryote Review Mostly single-celled No nucleus or organelles Circular chromosomes Cell walls Reproduce mostly asexually Anaerobic or aerobic Heterotrophic or autotrophic

We are looking at the first two Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Classification of Bacteria Archaebacteria: extremists Eubacteria: –Heterotrophs –Photosynthetic autotrophs –Chemosynthetic autotrophs

Archaebacteria Methane producers – anaerobic Halophiles –Halo = salt –Philia = love Thermophiles –Thermo = heat

Archaebacteria Live in extreme locations: –Oxygen-free environments –Concentrated salt-water –Hot, acidic water

Eubacteria Parasitic heterotrophs (Streptococcus) Saprophages –Sapro = death –Phage = eat Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) –Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic autotrophs (Rhizobium)

Eubacteria - Heterotrophs Found everywhere Parasites: live off of other organisms Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs Photosynthetic: make their own food from light Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red ponds, streams, moist areas

Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen Make nitrogen in the air usable for plantsMake nitrogen in the air usable for plants {Very Important}

Structure of Bacteria Two parts to Bacteria Structure: –Arrangement –Shape

Arrangement Paired: diplo Grape-like clusters: staphylo Chains: strepto

Bacteria are Named by Shape Cocci (ball-shaped) –Streptococcus mutans Bacillus (rod-shaped) –Clostridium botulinum Spirilli (spiral-shaped) –Treponema palladium

Shape Rod: bacillus Spheres: coccus Spirals: spirillum

Examples Streptococcus: chains of spheres Staphylospirillum: Grapelike clusters of spirals Streptobacillus: Chains of rods

Germ Theory of Disease Joseph Lister – Aseptic Techniques Robert Koch – Germ Theory –A specific microorganism causes a specific disease