Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South RECONSTRUCTION IN THE SOUTH CHAPTER 12 SECTION 2

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South After the war, there was a struggle for political control. African Americans used the power of their vote to elect many representatives from mayors to the U.S. Senate. Newly freed African Americans explored new relationships to social, political and economic life. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan aimed to turn back their progress through violence and intimidation. What were the immediate effects of Reconstruction? Focus Question

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South During Reconstruction, Republicans gained control of southern state governments through the ballot box. Thousands of black men exercised their new right to vote. Many white southern men did not vote because they refused to sign the required loyalty oath to the Union. Republicans Gain Control

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South The Republican Party attracted people who sought change, challenge, and opportunities to make money in the South. Critics saw scalawags and carpetbaggers as opportunists making their fortune off of the South’s misfortune. scalawags White southern men who had been locked out of pre-war politics carpetbaggers White and black northerners who moved to the South to take advantage of the many post-war opportunities there Republicans Gain Control

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South Reconstruction state constitutions mandated the creation of the public school system. Public schools grew slowly in the South. The system was expensive as there needed to be two schools in every district due to segregation. Some Republicans proposed integration but the idea was generally unpopular. Public Schools

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South Reconstruction also offered white and black women opportunities they did not find in the North. Single women carved out new roles for themselves, especially in the school system developed during Reconstruction. Opportunities for Women

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South The South had many problems that made success challenging. limited protection for African Americans racial violence rampant corruption many illiterate southerners poor quality medical care poor quality housing slower economic production than the North Problems in the South

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South Freed African Americans sought to build new communities. The Freedmen’s Bureau attracted thousands of students to schools and colleges who realized the value of their education for voting and business. Freedmen’s Bureau schools moved to look for jobs as cooks, blacksmiths, or carpenters worked at farming, lumbering, and re- building railroads established black churches that became centers of their communities sought education through the Freedmen’s Bureau schools Black churches Rural areas Cities Free African Americans

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South sharecropping most of the South’s black and white poor often continued to owe to landowner year after year share-tenancy farmer had more control able to save money tenant farming most independent arrangement farmer needed to have good money management skills New work arrangements for African American farmers developed. African American Farmers

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South In reaction to Republican gains in the South, violent groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan, organized to terrorize African Americans. The Klan burned black schools and churches. Racial violence grew everywhere after the Fifteenth Amendment was passed in The Ku Klux Klan

Chapter 25 Section 1 The Cold War Begins Section 2 Reconstruction in the South Congressional passing and use of the Enforcement Acts reduced racial violence. The acts made it federal crime to interfere with a citizen’s right to vote. Congress used the Enforcement Acts to indict Klansmen throughout the South. Although violence declined, racial hatred persisted. The Enforcement Acts, 1870, 1871 Enforcement Acts