The Age of Jackson – Ch. 12 Story Notes Obj.: explain events and issues of Andrew Jackson’s presidency

Story of the “Corrupt Bargain” Cast of Characters (Who are the people involved?) John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, William Crawford Setting (When & where does it take place?) Washington, DC Beginning Event (Why is it happening?) No candidate gets a majority of electoral votes in the presidential election of 1824, so the House of Representatives has to decide. But, Jackson won the popular vote and had a plurality of electoral votes. Henry Clay Source: y.html, accessed 11 March y.html J. Q. Adams Source: school/gradesdepartments/seventh-and-eighth-grade/mr- peterson/the-presidents, accessed 11 March school/gradesdepartments/seventh-and-eighth-grade/mr- peterson/the-presidents Andrew Jackson Source: 06/26/american- history-andrew-jackson-videos/, accessed 11 March /26/american- history-andrew-jackson-videos/

Story of the “Corrupt Bargain” Response (How do the characters react to the beginning event?) Henry Clay gives his support to John Quincy Adams. Adams wins the presidency. Adams makes Clay secretary of state. End Result (What happens as a result of their response?) Jackson accuses Adams and Clay of making a “corrupt bargain.” Jackson’s supporters in Congress vote against Adams’s plans.

Define: Jacksonian Democracy The idea of spreading political power to all the people (or, to all white men) and ensuring majority rule Jackson represents the common man Voting restrictions are reduced More people can participate in the political process “The County Election,” 1851–52 by George Caleb Bingham. Courtesy of the St. Louis Art Museum. Source: jacksonian-era/, accessed 11 March jacksonian-era/

Define: Spoils System The practice of giving government jobs to your political supporters Source: accessed 1 March 2013.

Story of the Trail of Tears Cast of Characters (Who are the people involved?) Cherokee Indians, Andrew Jackson (also John Marshall, Martin Van Buren) Setting (When & where does it take place?) Southeastern US Beginning Event (Why is it happening?) White settlers want to move onto land where the Cherokees live (especially because gold has been discovered there). John Marshall Source: enry_Inman,_1832.jpg, accessed 11 March enry_Inman,_1832.jpg Martin Van Buren Source; school/gradesdepartments/seventh-and-eighth-grade/mr- peterson/the-presidents, accessed 11 March school/gradesdepartments/seventh-and-eighth-grade/mr- peterson/the-presidents Andrew Jackson Source: 06/26/american-history-andrew-jackson-videos/, accessed 11 March /26/american-history-andrew-jackson-videos/

Story of the Trail of Tears Response (How do the characters react to the beginning event?) Georgia and other states pass laws allowing them to take over Cherokee lands. In 1830, Congress passes the Indian Removal Act and Jackson signs it. The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, rules in favor of the Cherokees, but Jackson and the state of Georgia refuse to enforce it. –Worcester v. Georgia –Only the federal government (not the states) can make laws over the Indians. End Result (What happens as a result of their response?) The US army forces the Cherokees to move to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), and about ¼ of them die during the difficult journey. Source: ok-trail-of-tears/, accessed 11 March ok-trail-of-tears/

Source: accessed 11 March

Sectional Differences (background for Tariff of Abominations) West – wants land sold cheap, to encourage settlement North (Northeast) – supports high tariffs & improvements in transportation –Opposes cheap land in West South – opposes improvements in transportation because paid for with tariff money –Opposes high tariffs (taxes on imports)

Story of the Tariff of Abominations Cast of Characters (Who are the people involved?) North and South Andrew Jackson, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Robert Y. Hayne, Henry Clay Setting (When & where does it take place?) Washington, DC and South Carolina Beginning Event (Why is it happening?) In 1828, Congress passes a high tariff (a high tax on imported goods). –Many Southerners think it unfairly favors the Northeast while harming the economy of the South. –Exporting cotton to Europe is important to the South’s economy. The South needs to sell cotton cheap to compete, but now must pay higher prices for imports. John C. Calhoun Source: era/photo-john-c-calhoun.html, accessed 11 March era/photo-john-c-calhoun.html Andrew Jackson Source: 06/26/american-history-andrew-jackson-videos/, accessed 11 March /26/american-history-andrew-jackson-videos/ Henry Clay Source: Sortby/Sortbypages/histclay.html, accessed 11 March Sortby/Sortbypages/histclay.html

Source: o.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3Dnullification%2Bcrisis%2Bmap%26fr2%3Dpiv-web%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D14&w=677&h=540&imgurl=my36degrees.com%2Fwp- includes%2Fnullification-crisis-cartoon-5211.gif&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmy36degrees.com%2Fwp-includes%2Fnullification-crisis- cartoon&size=51.4+KB&name=%3Cb%3ENullification+Crisis+%3C%2Fb%3ECartoon&p=nullification+crisis+map&oid=73a1fe79d52e86ad3f0888eb5f60ea41&fr2=piv- web&fr=&tt=%253Cb%253ENullification%2BCrisis%2B%253C%252Fb%253ECartoon&b=0&ni=84&no=14&ts=&tab=organic&sigr=11vmcvqmd&sigb=1359sioj5&sigi=121i2ih29&.crum b=cpUwod6ppj8, accessed 11 March 2013.

Story of the Tariff of Abominations Response (How do the characters react to the beginning event?) Nullification Crisis Calhoun (Vice Pres., and from SC) writes an explanation of the doctrine of nullification. –Congress has no right to raise tariffs this high because they favor one section of the country (the tariff is unconstitutional). –States have the right to reject laws passed by Congress if they are unconstitutional. In 1830, Webster (from Mass.) and Hayne (from SC) debate in the Senate. Hayne defends nullification, and Webster opposes it. –Webster – Union is inseparable; nullification = treason –Hayne – states have right to nullify South Carolina nullifies the tariff and threatens to secede from the Union. Jackson wants to preserve the Union, which he believes is threatened by nullification. Jackson threatens to use force to collect tariffs and keep SC in the Union. End Result (What happens as a result of their response?) In 1833, Henry Clay arranges a compromise: gradual reduction of the tariff.

Story of Jackson’s War on the Bank Cast of Characters (Who are the people involved?) Andrew Jackson, Nicholas Biddle Setting (When & where does it take place?) Washington, DC and Philadelphia, PA (location of main office of B.U.S.) Beginning Event (Why is it happening?) In 1832, Biddle asks Congress to renew the charter of the Bank of the United States. Jackson believes the bank is unconstitutional because it favors only rich people. Nicholas Biddle Source: ney/bankwar.html, accessed 1 March ney/bankwar.html Andrew Jackson Source: 06/26/american-history-andrew-jackson-videos/, accessed 11 March /26/american-history-andrew-jackson-videos/ The Second Bank of the United States Source: nkwar.html, accessed 1 March nkwar.html

Story of Jackson’s War on the Bank Response (How do the characters react to the beginning event?) Jackson vetoes the bank’s charter renewal. Jackson tries to destroy the Bank of the US by taking government money out and putting it in state banks. State banks issue too much money, leading to inflation. End Result (What happens as a result of their response?) The Bank of the United States goes out of business. The economic policies of Jackson and Biddle contribute to the Panic of Source: /?image_id=18033, accessed 1 March 2013.

Martin Van Buren Source; school/gradesdepartments/seventh-and-eighth-grade/mr- peterson/the-presidents, accessed 11 March school/gradesdepartments/seventh-and-eighth-grade/mr- peterson/the-presidents More Presidents Right after Jackson –Martin Van Buren Next –William Henry Harrison Dies in office after about a month –John Tyler becomes president