Bio212 Laboratory 4 Blood Pressure Heart Sounds Exercise Physiology

Objectives for Today’s Lab Become familiar with determining pulse rate Become familiar with taking a blood pressure reading and with using a sphygmomanometer Identify the heart sounds (lubb-dupp) Correlate the effects of sitting, standing, and exercising on pulse and blood pressure

Location of Pressure Points Temporal artery Facial artery External Carotid artery Brachial artery Radial artery Pulse = # beats/30 sec X 2 Femoral artery Popliteal artery Posterior tibial artery Dorsalis pedis artery

Pulse in Lab Today Use the radial artery of your partner, and use your index finger Note the characteristics of the pulse Regular, irregular Strong, weak Count number of pulses in 30 sec. and multiply by 2 to get the pulse rate Do this sitting down, standing up, and after exercise

Heart Sounds Lubb (S1) first heart sound occurs during ventricular contraction A-V valves closing Dupp (S2) second heart sound occurs during ventricular relaxation semilunar valves closing ♥

Heart Sounds Listening to the heart (auscultation) is done using a stethoscope Because sounds must pass through several layers of tissue, sounds are not heard directly above their point of origin S1 = “Lubb” (1 looks like l) S2 = “Dupp” (2 curved like D)

Heart Sounds Auscultate over the left sternal border about the level of the 3rd or 4th rib Find the point where you can hear the sounds the best, and use that Remember: lubb-dupp <pause> lubb-dupp <pause> …

Auscultory Method of Determining Blood Pressure Use an average bp from two different readings from both arms. Do this standing up, sitting down, and after exercise Korotkoff sounds…

Class Summary Table for Pulse and BP   Sitting Standing After Exercise Initials Pulse (bpm) Systolic (mm Hg) Diastolic (mm Hg) MAP1,1,2 (mm Hg) MAP1,2 (mm Hg) Average > 1 Pulse Pressure = Systolic BP – Diastolic BP 2 Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) calculated as: Diastolic pressure + (Pulse pressure ÷ 3) At home, calculate averages for all resting and post-exercise values and then DISCUSS WHAT THE VALUES MEAN and WHY they are what they are. Be sure to check your classmates’ calculations of MAP; they may be incorrect.

What you should do in lab today… Complete Part A of your Laboratory Report 41 (from Hole’s Lab Manual - handed out) before continuing Review Chapter 17 of your textbook if necessary Complete Parts B and C of the Laboratory Report 41 Listen to heart sounds (after inhaling deeply; after exercise) Pulses (sitting, standing, after exercise) Blood pressure (sitting, standing, after exercise) DO NOT DO THE EXERCISE PART IF YOU HAVE ANY MEDICAL PROBLEMS!! Complete the Critical Thinking Application of your Laboratory Report and hand in (one report from each person) Together