Structure of Plants

Leaves Blade Veins –midrib Petiole

Leaves

Is this leaf simple or compound? –simple What is this structure that connects the leaf to the stem? –petiole What is this central vein called? –midrib

Is this leaf simple or compound? –Compound Is this pinnately or palmately compound? –Palmately

Does this plant have simple or compound leaves? –Simple How are the leaves arranged? –Opposite arrangement

Are these leaves simple or compound? –Compound How are the leaves arranged? –Alternate arrangement

Inside Leaves

What is the primary function of the cuticle? –Prevent water loss

Inside Leaves What is the primary function of the xylem? –Transport of water

Inside Leaves What is the primary function of the phloem? –Transport of sugars

Inside Leaves What is the primary function of the guard cells? –Open and close the stomata stomata

Stems Two functions: –Support leaves and flowers –Transport water and nutrients within the plants Leaves attach at nodes Woody or herbaceous –Woody - trees, shrubs, and vines

Roots Typically the portion of the plant that grows below the surface of the soil Absorb water and minerals from the soil Root hairs increase the surface area

Roots Two types –Taproot - single central root with much smaller side roots branching out from it; reaches deep to tap groundwater –Fibrous root - clump of threadlike, shorter root divisions; collect water and minerals from a shallow but wide area

Roots TaprootFibrous root

Flowers The reproductive organ of a flowering plant Function to produce gametes and provide a structure for fertilization Pollen is a carrier of sperm Pollination - the process of transporting pollen from the male to female flower parts

Seeds Reproductive structure consisting of a plant embryo and its stored food. Plants have various ways of dispersing, or spreading, their seeds. In flowering plants, the seed develops in a structure called a fruit.

Kingdom Plantae nonvascularvascular seedlessseed gymnospermsangiosperms monocotsdicots