Ministry of Justice and the Police Dept. of Corrections Riga, March 17th, 2011 Gerhard Ploeg, senior adviser The Norwegian correctional reform plans

How did we get there? Crime and punishment in NorwayCrime and punishment in Norway Corrections: goals and organisationCorrections: goals and organisation What more can we do? Principles and policy-developmentPrinciples and policy-development VERY LOW RECIDIVISM RATES What will I speak about?

Crime development

NRate USA2,292, Russia825, Latvia7, England & Wales 83, Norway3,44671 Liechtenstein1028 Source: ICPS World Prison Brief, January 2011 Average daily number of prisoners and prison – population rate in some countries Prison Numbers

Correctional Services of Norway State Organisation Probation – Prison

Goals The Correctional Services are responsible for carrying outresponsible for carrying out remands in custody and penal sanctions in a way that takes into consideration the security of all citizens andthe security of all citizens and attempts to prevent recidivismattempts to prevent recidivism by enabling the offenders,by enabling the offenders, through their own initiatives, to change their criminal behaviour.

Goals SECURITY REHABILITATION

Organisation

Oslo: 392Mosjøen: 12 Average: ca. 70 Organisation Central level in the Ministry of Justice Six regional offices 44 prisons and 17 probation main offices

High-security or closed prison 2427 = 63,4%

Lower-security or open prison 1192 = 31,2 %

Half-way house 104 = 2,7 %

Probation service main tasks

Community sentence48 %Community sentence48 % Pre-sentence report 29 % Pre-sentence report 29 % Conditional release15 % Conditional release15 % Intoxicated drivers program 9 % Intoxicated drivers program 9 %

Staff Ca. 3,500 fte working in prisonsCa. 3,500 fte working in prisons Ca. 300 fte working in probationCa. 300 fte working in probation Ca. 450 fte in Staff Academy and ICT-serviceCa. 450 fte in Staff Academy and ICT-service

Prison officer training Two-year education at academic level Psychology, sociology, criminology, law, social work Psychology, sociology, criminology, law, social work Conflict management, ethics and human rights Conflict management, ethics and human rights Post-training courses in various working methods and programmes Salary during education

Plans for the Future White Paper: ”Punishment that works” (September 2008) (September 2008)

A safer community High-security prison is necessary High-security prison is necessary for some Better rehabilitation is necessaryBetter rehabilitation is necessary for all

AddictionAddiction Low educationLow education UnemploymentUnemployment HomelessHomeless Below povertylineBelow povertyline Inmate’s living conditions 60 % 40 % 80 % 70 % 40 %

Reintegration guarantee A place to liveA place to live Some form of incomeSome form of income Identity papersIdentity papers If relevant an offer of: EducationEducation EmploymentEmployment Health servicesHealth services Addiction treatmentAddiction treatment Debt counsellingDebt counselling The whole government!

More community sanctions Community sentences Drug Court Intoxicated drivers programme

Principle of normality = no stricter than necessary The punishment is the deprivation of liberty Security: enough is enough A life as normal as possible

Import model Medical, educational, employment, clerical and library services are provided from outside Continuity Continuity Involvement Involvement Budget Budget

More and sooner to an open prison Conditional release Treatment institution Halfway house Electronic monitoring Variation in prison sentence execution

Returning Voluntary organsations Voluntary organsations Network outside office hours Regulations for leaveRegulations for leave More parental guidanceMore parental guidance More phonetime / visiting hoursMore phonetime / visiting hours Better visiting facilitiesBetter visiting facilities Family and friends

Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010 All prisoners released and all community sentences started in 2005 All prisoners released and all community sentences started in 2005 Follow-up period of two years Follow-up period of two years Recidivism = new conviction to prison or community sentence Recidivism = new conviction to prison or community sentence Recidivism

Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010 Recidivism

The general public on penal goals REVENGE GENERAL DETERRENCE SPECIAL DETERRENCE INCAPACITATION REHABILITATION

The general public on penal goals SPECIAL DETERRENCE INCAPACITATION GENERAL DETERRENCE REVENGE REHABILITATION

The right direction??

tel Thank you for your attention!