Chapter 15 Religion

Chapter Outline Using the Sociological Imagination Religion, Science, and Sociology Theoretical Perspectives Religion: Structure and Practice Religion in the United States

Religion System of beliefs and practices about sacred things found in nearly all societies. Functions: Legitimates the structure of society Promotes social unity Provides a sense of meaning and belonging

Moral conduct and right human relationships Major World Religions Religion Number of followers Main Beliefs Confucianism 5,086,000 Moral conduct and right human relationships Judaism 13,866,000 God established a covenant with the people of Israel, who are called to lives of justice and mercy.

Major World Religions Religion Number of followers Main Beliefs Hinduism 793,076.000 Brahman is the principle and source of the universe. Life is determined by the law of karma.

Major World Religions Religion Number of followers Main Beliefs Buddhism 325,275,000 By adherence to the Eightfold Path, one can escape from desire and suffering and achieve nirvana.

Major World Religions Religion Number of followers Main Beliefs Islam 1,126,325,000 Muhammad received the Koran from God. Believers go to an eternal Garden of Eden. Christianity 1,955,229,000 Jesus is the son of God. Through God’s grace and profession of faith, people achieve eternal life with God.

Division of World Population by Religions

Theoretical Perspectives: Religion Functionalism Concept Religion makes specific contributions to society. Example Legitimates social arrangements. Promotes social unity. Provides understanding. Encourages a sense of belonging.

Theoretical Perspectives: Religion Conflict Theory Concept Elites use religion to manipulate the masses. Example Religion is used by the most powerful to justify their economic, political, and social advantage.

Theoretical Perspectives: Religion Symbolic Interactionism Concept People create symbolic meanings from their religious beliefs, rituals, and ideas. Example People use their socially created symbolic meanings to guide everyday social interaction.

Religious Organizations Churches Denominations Sects Cults

Five Dimensions of Religious Expression Belief Ritual Intellectual Experience Consequences

Religious Believers

% of Americans Saying Religion Is Very Important in Their Lives

Social Class, Politics and Religion The major religious faiths can be ranked based on : Educational level Income Occupational prestige.