The North Hindustani – Northern tradition But influenced by Islamic values Music as sensual pleasure (dangerous) Low status of musicians Guilds & professionalization.

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Presentation transcript:

The North Hindustani – Northern tradition But influenced by Islamic values Music as sensual pleasure (dangerous) Low status of musicians Guilds & professionalization oral transmission (secrecy) Master (Ustad) Tansen – court musician of North

The South Karnatak/Carnatic – Southern tradition Traditional Hindu values Association w/ Rig-Veda - high status of musicians - vocal music most highly valued No secrecy = written composition Master (Guru) Tayagaraja (amateur)

Kriti (Karnatak Song) Opens w/ short Alap Pallavi in Adi Tal ( ) - Mridangam enters - Singer begins in mid-cycle (between 2 + 3) Anupallavi - shift to new text (“Tuntavinti”) Caranam - return to Pallavi w/ new text - improvisation (some on note names)

Ghazal North Indian Tradition (from 12 th century) Urdu/Persian origin (10 th century or earlier) “Light entertainment” Love Poetry in couplets Use of Harmonium (English missionary influence, cf., major/minor shifts)

World Map (Physical Features)

The World

Eurasia

Iran & Middle East

FOUNDATIONS of ISLAM “Islam” = “Surrender to God” Prophet – Muhammad (d. 632) His preaching accepted as early as 622 Emphasis on: - individual’s relationship to God - human relations in society Islamic law governs all aspects of life (no distinction between secular and sacred)

BASIC TENETS of the FAITH Qu’ran (Koran) – revealed word of God Belief in single, monotheistic God Belief in angels (agents of God) Belief in prophets (Muhammand follows line from Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus...) Belief in a final “Day of Judgement”