Výukový materiál GE Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR MOLECULAR GENETICS - RNA 2014

 a necessary component of protein synthesis (= synthesis of proteins)  synthesis of proteins = protein synthesis :  fundamental process, by which the information from DNA is transferred into a particular sign  polynucleotide chain RNA

 three types of RNA:  1) m RNA messenger mediator  linear  synthesis in the cell nucleus  enzyme RNA – polymerase  the triplet of nucleotides after each other following on mRNA is called codon RNA

 the nitrogen base is bound on the ribosome carbon in position1,  different from DNA because of the occurance of uracil instead of thymine  remaining bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine) are identical on both nucleic acids RNA

 RNA very various:  mono helix and linear molecules  also double helix structures > t RNA  3 types of RNA:  m RNA  t RNA  r RNA RNA

 1) m RNA messenger mediator  information  it develops by the transcription from DNA (enzyme RNA – polymerase)  hundreds to thousands of nucleotides  linear  synthesis of m RNA in the cell nucleus  a triplet of nucleotides following behind each other placed on mRNA is called codon RNA

 2 ) t RNA transfer  complicated structure  short – 74 až 95 nucleotides  the cord creates 4 arms  secondary structure - it reminds a shamrock trefoil RNA

 particular arms attach to each other => they make up a more complex space formation – so called tertiary structure RNA

 AMA bind on the acceptor arm  anticodon arm it contains a triplet of nucleotides = anticodon  each anticodon in tRNA is complementary to the particular triplet of nucleotides in mRNA – to the codon RNA

 3) rRNA ribosomal  contained in ribosomes  translation proceeds on ribosomes  genetic information transcribed from DNA into mRNA determines the order of amino acids in the protein chain RNA

DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

Which picture depicts the tertiary structure of tRNA ? REVISION

 KOČÁREK, Eduard. Genetika: obecná genetika a cytogenetika, molekulární biologie, biotechnologie, genomika. 2. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2008, 211 s. ISBN SOURCES