REVIEW BEFORE THE GAME

MEIOSIS What type of cells are produced? How many cells are produced at the end of this process? Trick: mEioSis E=egg and S=sperm Eggs and sperm are sex cells

MEIOSIS What type of cells are produced? Sex cells How many cells are produced at the end of this process? 4 Trick: mEioSis E=egg and S=sperm Eggs and sperm are sex cells

MEIOSIS This term refers to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process. This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.

MEIOSIS This term refers to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process. Diploid This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process. Haploid

MITOSIS Which cells in your body are produced by this process? How many cells are produced at the end of this process? Trick: MITosis Makes It Two

MITOSIS Which cells in your body are produced by this process? Most of the cells in your body (except sex cells) How many cells are produced at the end of this process? 2 Trick: MITosis Makes It Two

MITOSIS This term refers to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process. This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.

MITOSIS This term refers to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process. Diploid This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.

SELECTIVE BREEDING Labrador Retriever Poodle hypoallergenic coat may reduce allergic reactions gentle, intelligent and family-friendly

gentle, intelligent and family-friendly SELECTIVE BREEDING LABRADOODLE gentle, intelligent and family-friendly hypoallergenic coat AND

GENETIC ENGINEERING In this example, scientists added a gene from fireflies to this plant which causes it to grow. Scientists can manipulate individual genes. They do not select organisms and breed them. They take out DNA from one organism and insert it into the cells of another.

DNA Fingerprinting Unique patterns in an individual’s DNA Can be used as evidence in crime scenes Identifies family relations or herditary diseases

PEDIGREES Know how to read and interpret a pedigree. You should be able to identify: Males and Females Who has a recessive trait, who is a carrier, and who does not have the trait The genotype for each person

PEDIGREES

DNA What does the “base-pair rule” state? If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what percent is: Cytosine? Thymine? Adenine?

DNA What does the “base-pair rule” state? The amount of adenine = thymine and the amount of cytosine = guanine If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what percent is: Cytosine? (40%) Thymine? (10%) Adenine? (10%)

DNA ANSWER: T A C C G A T T G A T G G C T A A C

Chapter 5 (Section 3) & Chapter 6 Genes and DNA Review Game

This is the process by which most of the cells in your body reproduce.

This is the process by which most of the cells in your body reproduce. A: Mitosis

How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of mitosis.

This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of mitosis. A: Diploid (A full set)

The parent cell of an organism has 22 pairs of chromosomes. 1) What is the diploid number? 2) What is the haploid number?

The parent cell of an organism has 22 pairs of chromosomes. 1) What is the diploid number? A: 44 2) What is the haploid number? A: 22

This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of meiosis.

This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of meiosis. A: Haploid

What kind of chromosomes determine a person’s gender?

What kind of chromosomes determine a person’s gender? A: Sex Chromosomes

Which sex chromosomes does a female carry? Which sex chromosomes does a male carry?

Which sex chromosomes does a female carry? XX Which sex chromosomes does a male carry? XY

Who determines a child’s sex: the male or the female?

Who determines a child’s sex? The male or the female? A: Male (because females can only pass on an X chromosome. Males can pass on either an X or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male passes on will determine the sex)

An organism has 30 chromosomes An organism has 30 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would its sperm or eggs have?

An organism has 30 chromosomes An organism has 30 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would its sperm or eggs have? A: 15

A dog breeder crosses a poodle with a lab in order to have dogs that do not shed. This is an example of what?

A dog breeder crosses a poodle with a lab in order to have dogs that do not shed. This is an example of what? A: Selective Breeding

What is the molecule in the cell that contains the information for protein production?

What is the molecule in the cell that contains the information for protein production? A: DNA

Describe the shape of DNA (2 ways).

Describe the shape of DNA (2 ways). A: double helix, or a twisted ladder

What are the subunits of DNA?

What are the subunits of DNA? A: Nucleotides

What are the three components that make up a nucleotide?

What are the three components that make up a nucleotide? A: A base, a sugar, and a phosphate

Using their first letters, list the four bases found in DNA.

Using their first letters, list the four bases found in DNA. A: A, T, C, & G

What is the rule that states that A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G?

What is the rule that states that A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G? A: Base-Pair Rule

What scientist discovered that the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of guanine?

What scientist discovered that the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of guanine? A: Erwin Chargaff

Who was the 1st scientist to produce images of DNA molecules using X-ray diffraction?

Who was the 1st scientist to produce images of DNA molecules using X-ray diffraction? A: Rosalind Franklin

Who were the 2 scientists who developed the first model of DNA?

Who were the 2 scientists who developed the first model of DNA? A: James Watson and Francis Crick

Write down the complementary strand for this sequence of bases. A C C T A G

Write down the complementary strand for this sequence of bases. A C C T A G T G G A T C

List the 3 kinds of mutations that can occur when DNA is copied.

List the 3 kinds of mutations that can occur when DNA is copied. A: Deletion, Insertion, and Substitution

What kind of mutation has taken place?

What kind of mutation has taken place? A: Insertion

What kind of mutation has taken place?

What kind of mutation has taken place? A: Substitution

Since DNA can’t fit through the nuclear pores, _____ takes the message from the DNA out to the cell.

Since DNA can’t fit through the nuclear pores, _____ takes the message from the DNA out to the cell? A: RNA

What base does RNA have that DNA does not?

What base does RNA have that DNA does not? A: Uracil

What base does DNA have that RNA does not?

What base does DNA have that RNA does not? A: Thymine

This tool is used to detect traits that are passed down through generations.

This tool is used to detect traits that are passed down through generations. A: Pedigree

Practice with Pedigrees (we are tracking a recessive trait) Draw a male with the trait Using the letter “F”, write his genotype.

Practice with Pedigrees (we are tracking a recessive trait) Draw a male who has the trait Using the letter “F”, write his genotype. A: ff

Practice with Pedigrees (we are tracking a recessive trait) Draw a female carrier of the trait Using the letter “F”, write her genotype. Does she have the trait?

Practice with Pedigrees (we are tracking a recessive trait) Draw a female carrier of the trait Using the letter “F”, write her genotype. A: Ff Does she have the trait? A: No

Practice with Pedigrees (we are tracking a recessive trait) This shape is in a pedigree: Would you conclude that this is a sex-linked trait?

Practice with Pedigrees (we are tracking a recessive trait) This shape is in a pedigree: Would you conclude that this is a sex-linked trait? A: No, males can’t be carriers of sex-linked traits

Scientists added genes from a firefly to a tobacco plant which caused the plant to glow. This type of manipulation is known as ________ ________.

Scientists added genes from a firefly to a tobacco plant which caused the plant to glow. This type of manipulation is known as genetic engineering.

This is the term for a new organism that has an exact copy of another organism’s genes.

This is the term for a new organism that has an exact copy of another organism’s genes. A: Clone

This is the process that identifies the unique patterns in a person’s DNA. It can be helpful in many areas, including solving crimes and identifying hereditary diseases.

This is the process that identifies the unique patterns in a person’s DNA. It can be helpful in many areas, including solving crimes and identifying hereditary diseases. A: DNA Fingerprinting