Collision of Cultures – Chapter 1 England and Its Colonies – Chapter 2

Americas Before 1500s Prehistory – before written records Nomadic people traveled across Bering Land Bridge about 30,000 years ago. Americas became diverse and well-populated Farming = more settled life and time to cultivate other interests

Pre-Columbian Indian Civilizations Mayas Incas Aztecs

North American Native Civilizations Hopewell – Ohio Valley (800 B.C A.D.)‏ Anasazis – Southwest –Lacked class structure –Warfare only self- defense

Why were the Native tribes vulnerable to conquest? Large and fatal gaps in knowledge and technology Disunity

Early European Contact Vikings –Leif Erickson and Erik the Red Greenland Newfoundland

Europe Before 1500s Middle Ages – Medieval Period – Dark Ages 5 th -14 th Centuries –Fall of the Roman Empire –Unstable –Feudalism –Crusades -military expeditions to recover Palestine from Muslims exposed Europe to silks and spices, ancient Greek and Roman texts, technical innovations (movable type)‏Crusades –Black Death – 1/3 of Europeans died

Europe Before 1500s Late Middle Ages –Growing commerce stimulated growth of new towns and markets Renaissance – “rebirth” 14 th -17 th Centuries –Time of inquiry –Reformation – Martin Luther posted Ninety-Five Theses 1517

Portuguese Exploration Established themselves as the leaders in seafaring technology Prince Henry the Navigator – established an academy for exploration Bartolomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa Vasco de Gama – reached India

Portuguese Exploration Bartolomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa Vasco de Gama – reached India

Columbus Italian Won support from King and Queen of Spain 87 men – 3 ships (Santa Maria, Pinta, Nina)‏ Oct. 12, 1492 – reached San Salvador (Bahamas)‏ Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic Returned home with natives as gifts to monarchs p – Later voyages Irony – New World named after Amerigo Vespucci

Treaty of Tordesillas – divided areas between Portugal and Spain for exploration and settlement orchestrated by Catholic Pope.

Spanish Exploration and Conquest Nunez de Balboa – cross Panama on foot and saw Pacific Ocean Hernando Cortes – conquered Aztecs with 600 men Ponce de Leon – Florida Encomienda – Spanish landowners controlled villages – Indians paid tribute Read p. 29 – Summarize last two paragraphs.

English Exploration

French Exploration