UNIT 1: A CHANGING WORLD

CHAPTER 1: Expanding Horizons Section 1:

MARCO POLO Italian merchant who wrote of his travels through Asia in the 1200s Inspired European Exploration

MIDDLE AGES ( ) Crusades Wars between Christians & Muslims Increased European demand for Asian goods

Problems with East-West Trade Europe looks to bypass expensive Italy & Arab cities to trade directly with Asia Strong monarchs take power of European nations—seek more wealth

TECHNOLOGICAL HELP More Accurate maps Better Navigation Tools Improved Ship design

REASONS FOR EXPLORATION 1)Europe’s increased desire for Asian goods 2)Nation’s (monarchs) pursuit of wealth & power 3)New technology supported sailing

COLUMBUS Sailed for Spain’s Monarchy Gold & Christianity Settled Hispaniola [Haiti/Dominican Republic]

DE LAS CASAS Spanish priest settled in Hispaniola Wrote about & condemned cruel treatment of Natives by Spanish

READING QUESTIONS 1)What countries make up Hispaniola? 2) What are the similarities between Las Casas & Columbus’s description of the Indians (Tainos)? 3) Why does Las Casas say the Spanish killed Tainos? 4) Why does Columbus say he didn’t fortify the area? 5) What do Columbus & his men do with 1500 Tainos in the year 1495? 6) What do you think about the Spanish treatment of the Indians? Justifiable?

European Explorers PORTUGAL—Prince Henry—created a center for exploration PORTUGAL—Vasco de Gama—reached India by sailing around southern Africa

SPANISH CONQUISTADORS Spanish explorers/conquerors of the Americas in the 1500s Search for Treasure for Spanish crown

CORTES MEXICO AZTEC EMPIRE Destroys capital of Tenochtitlan-1521

Tenochtitlan

MEXICO CITY

Pizarro PERU Conquered INCAN EMPIRE- 1532

CUSCO

NAZCA LINES

MACHU PICCHU

How Spanish Conquered: 1) Brought Guns & Cannons 2) Rode Horses 3) Indians lacked immunity to diseases

SPANISH FLORIDA SEARCH FOR GOLD Ponce de Leon— 1565—St. Augustine— First Spanish settlement in United States

Spanish Empire in Americas Established Pueblos (towns), Missions (churches) & Presidios (forts)

NORTHWEST PASSAGE Direct water route through Americas to Asia ENGLAND—CABOT—1497—NEWFOUNDLAND FRANCE—CARTIER—1534--ST LAWRENCE RIVER NETHERLANDS—HUDSON—1609—Hudson Bay, NY

England vs. Spain TRADE RIVALRY BRITISH RAIDS ON SPANISH SHIPS/PORTS SPANISH ARMADA DEFEATED BY ENGLAND