Chapter 5: Ions and Ionic Compounds

Warm-Up (09/29/14) Which 2 groups on the periodic table are the MOST reactive? Which group on the periodic table is NOT reactive? What was the “magic number” of valence electrons that most atoms want?

The Golden Number: 8 Noble gases are “happy.” In science terms, this means they are _________________. OCTET RULE – tendency to have either empty valence shells or full valence shells of 8 electrons

Alkali Metals & The Octet Rule How would alkali metals follow the octet rule? Draw the Bohr diagram for Sodium (Na) in your notes. What does it “want”?

Alkali Metals & The Octet Rule Remember, all alkali metals have ___ valence electron This makes them very reactive 

Halogens & The Octet Rule How would halogens follow the octet rule? Draw the Bohr diagram for Flourine in your notes. What does it “want”?

Halogens & The Octet Rule  How many protons and electrons are in each atom/ion? Remember, ALL Halogens (Group 17) have ___ valence electrons This makes them very reactive.

Atoms Gain or Lose Electrons to form Stable Ions Ions – an atom that has gained or lose one or more electrons Ions are written with a + or – superscript Ex. Na + or F –

Warm-Up (09/30/14) How do alkali metals form (Group 1) stable ions? What is the charge of the ion? How do halogens (Group 17) form stable ions? What is the charge of the ion?

Atoms Gain or Lose Electrons to form Stable Ions Ions with a positive charge are called cations. Formed when electrons are lost/removed. Which group(s) are most likely to form cations?

Atoms Gain or lose Electrons to form Stable Ions Ions with a negative charge are called anions. Formed when electrons are ____________. Which group(s) are most likely to form anions?

Class Practice – Predicting Ions Predict how Beryllium (Be) will form their ions and write the ion it forms. Ex. Na loses an electron to form the ion Na +

Class Practice – Predicting Ions Predict how Beryllium (Be) will form their ions and write the ion it forms. 1. How many valence electrons does it have? 2. Will it want to gain or lose electrons to form an octet? 3. How many will it gain or lose? 4. Determine the overall charge.

Class Practice – Predicting Ions Predict which ions will form from the following elements: Rubidium (Rb) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N)

Transition Metals also form Stable Ions (p.165) Notice they all form CATIONS

Ions are different than their atoms Sodium Atom Chlorine Atom Sodium and Chlorine Ions (Na + ) & (Cl - )

“Where are these electrons coming from?” –Ionic Bonding Remember sodium forms a cation (Na + ) by losing/removing an electron And chlorine can gain an electron to form the anion Cl – The positive and negative charges attract and creates an ionic bond  Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Ionic Bonding  Salt Salt – ionic compound formed from a cation and an anion

Salts form crystal lattice structures Salt crystals are arranged in repeating units to form a crystal lattice

Mega- Exit Slip [Answers only] 1. Metals usually form what kind of ions? (Cation/Anion) 2. What is the overall charge of any salt? 3. Predict how sulfur (S) will form an ion and write the ion formed. 4. What forces hold an ionic bond together? 5. List 2 elements that would probably form an ionic bond (not NaCl).

Warm-Up (10/1/14) What two things are an ionic compound made of? What is the stable ion that is formed by Bromine? (put the charge on the ion)

Ionic Bonding  Salt Salt – ionic compound formed from a cation and an anion

Salts form crystal lattice structures Salt crystals are arranged in repeating units to form a crystal lattice

Ionic Compounds Usually formed between a metal and a nonmetal A metal ion usually has a ________ charge. A nonmetal ion usually has a _________ charge. Where are most of the metals located on the periodic table? Nonmetals?

Warm-Up (10/2/14) What is the overall charge of an ionic compound? Metals tend to form ________ while nonmetals tend to form ___________.

Ionic Puzzle Lab Complete ionic compound puzzles by finding classmates Some puzzles may require more than two pieces

Ion Symbols How many? Ionic compoun d formula Ionic compoun d name Na +1 1NaClSodium chloride Cl -1 1

Tips & Tricks Look for people with the same ion; this will help you form more ionic compounds There are 5 different cations and 5 different anions – FIND THEM ALL! White pieces are cations, GREEN are anions. Find the opposite charges!!