CADCAM HARDWARE

 The computing system in operation can be compared to a human being in terms of its operating characteristics.

 The heart of any computing system is the central processing unit (CPU)  All necessary functions of a computer is carried out by the CPU  Main functions performed by the CPU are the arithmetic and logic function  CPU communicated with external world through its input device by giving data or to to control the computer  The output device is the means through which the CPU gives the results of the computation

 Is the nerve centre of the computer  Base on the software, it organises the information processing for any given application

 CPU in main frames and mini computers is essentially a printed circuit board(PCB) consisting a number of chips.  First microprocessor in late 60’s and early 70’s – general purpose microprocessor – INTEL 4004 used in a Japanese calculator released in 1971  INTEL 4004 – 4 bit microprocesser  INTEL 8008 – 8 bit microprocessor now 64 bit  Bit – length of words used by the microprocessor to process information

 Speed at which the microprocessor operate – system clock  The faster the system clock the faster is the execution of the instruction eg. 1 MHz- 3 Ghz  Evaluation of performance not only processor performance but also other peripherals and bench mark by SPEC (Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation.

 For a CADCAM application, the computational load is very high – using of core processor  The requirement of a typical cadcam computer is at least 32 bits and preferably 64 bit microprocesser with a clock rate of above 1.0 GHz and address of at least bits  RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computing has a small range of instructions present hence chip design is more efficient, faster and powerful

 Memory unit – another important unit of a computer- where necessary data and program is stored

 Integral part of computer to store data and programs  Semiconductor memory locations are organised in as a series of on/off switches(transistors)  Single chip is capable of storing 256 M- bit of information

 ROM – Read only memory  PROM – Programmable ROM  RAM – Random Access Memory  EPROM – Erasable programmable ROM  EEPROM – Electrically erasable programmable ROM  Flash memory

 Essentially read and write memory  Information stored only during power supply stays and hence power supply must always be on position – used of lithium battery  Two types of RAM - static and dynamic  Static RAM – information is to be written only once  Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - information to be continuously refreshed

 Fast Page Mode(FPM DRAM)  Extended Data Output (EDO RAM)  Synchronous DRAM  Rambus Direct Ram (RDRAM)  Double Data Rate SDRAM – DDR-SDRAM

Devices use for communicating with computer 1. Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Light Pen 4. Joystick 5. Digitizer 6. Tablet

 Resembles a fountain pen and works on a principle of light  To detect present of light on the screen  The resolution of light pen is poor  Used in refreshed type display devices

 Widely used by designer  Converting a physical location into coordinate values  Work area correspond to full CRT screen

 Displayed designed work and simulation 1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) 2. Plasma Panel Display 3. Liquid Crystal Display

 Once output is finalized on the display device, it can transformed to a hard copy 1. Graphical printer 2. Plotters 3. Photographic Devices

Fastest way of getting graphical output at low price.  Impact Dot Matrix Printer  Thermal Transfer  Ink Jet Printer  Laser Printer  Colour Copiers

 Widely accepted output device for final output  Wide range of plotters of varying sizes - A0, A1, A2,A3, A4 1. Pen Plotters – flat bed and drum type 2. Electrostatic Plotters 3. Photographic Devices

Large amount of space required for storage purposes 1. Floppy disk 2. Winchester Disk 3. Magnetic tape 4. Compact disk ROMs 5. DVD

 Software determines the way the computer is to be used.  Better software make for better utilization of the computer

 Operating system form part of the hardware provide the use of all the hardware elements  Windows 95, Windows NT, UNIX, LINUX  Editor – creating and modyfying disc file  Linker – linking the object modules  Debugger -used in program development to identify logic and runtime errors.

 Program laguages are basically translators and classified as interpreters and compilers  BASICS, FORTRAN for scientific community, PASCAL and C for CADCAM program development. LISP and PROLOG are also related to ACDCAM programming

 THANK YOU